The association of energy intake bias with psychological scores of women

Abstract

Objective: Assess the association between reporting bias of dietary energy intake and the behavioral and psychological pro®les in women. Design: At baseline a series of questionnaires were administered to 37 women, (the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Restraint Scale and Sorensen-Stunkard's silhouettes). Subjects received training on how to record dietary records. Subjects recorded three days of dietary records to measure energy intake (EI) during a study to determine total energy expenditure (TEE) using doubly labeled water. Reporting accuracy (RA EIaTEE 6 100) was determined for each subject. Statistical analysis of the data used a mixed effects model accounting for within subject variability to determine if the psychological scores were associated with reporting accuracy. Setting and subject: Women were recruited with local advertisements in Tucson, Arizona. The women had a mean ( AE 1 s.d.) age of 43.6 AE 9.3 yrs, body mass index (BMI) of 28.7 AE 8.5 kgam 2 and total body fat (%TBF) of 31.9 AE 7.3%. Results: Age and %TBF were signi®cantly and inversely associated with RA. Furthermore, Social Desirability was negatively associated with RA. Body dissatisfaction and associating a smaller body size than one's own as being more healthy were also associated with a lower RA. Conclusions: These results suggest that Social Desirability and self image of body shape are associated with RA. Modi®cations in subject training may reduce the effect of these factors on RA. Sponsorship: This project was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and

Underreporting of energy intake from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire completed by adults in Montreal

“…It is generally recognised that eating unhealthy foods is not perceived as a good behaviour, so that snack foods high in sugar and fat and regarded as 'junk foods' could very well be underreported. Weight-conscious individuals, those who frequently diet to lose weight and people concerned with their body image are well known to underreport their food intake 9,11 . In the elderly, memory problems may have affected reporting accuracy, especially as participants were called upon to provide diet information for the previous 12 months.…”

“…Many factors and behaviours may explain underreporting of energy intake in different populations, including physiological (weight status, body fat) 6,7 , sociodemographic (age, gender) 8 and psychological (social desirability, body dissatisfaction) 9,10 reasons and lifestyle attributes or characteristics (smoking, physical activity) 11 . Some studies have also found differential reporting of macronutrient and nutrient intakes in low energy reporters (LERs) 12,13 .…”

A pilot study to determine whether using a lightweight, wearable micro-camera improves dietary assessment accuracy and offers information on macronutrients and eating rate

“…Furthermore, evidence of weight loss during study periods indicates under-eating. This under-eating, along with the under-reporting observed in multiple studies, further complicates the accuracy of dietary recording and assessment methodologies (12) .Other characteristics of under-reporters have been found to be relevant, including dietary restraint, sex, age, percentage body fat and attitudes to food (13)(14)(15) . Buhl et al (16) and Lichtman et al (17) , for example, demonstrated under-reporting levels of between 47 and 59 % in individuals with high dietary restraint.…”

“…Other characteristics of under-reporters have been found to be relevant, including dietary restraint, sex, age, percentage body fat and attitudes to food (13)(14)(15) . Buhl et al (16) and Lichtman et al (17) , for example, demonstrated under-reporting levels of between 47 and 59 % in individuals with high dietary restraint.…”

Tradução da escala de desejo de aceitação social de Marlowe & Crowne para a língua portuguesa

“…O desejo de aceitação social foi definido como a propensão de um indivíduo a fornecer a resposta que ele considera mais desejada e aceita pela sociedade, independentemente dela ser verdadeira (Ballard e Crino, 1988). Geralmente, indivíduos com alto desejo de aceitação social subrelatam comportamentos que são vistos como não desejáveis, como comportamentos anti-sociais, fenômenos psicóticos, uso de drogas ilícitas (Kim e Hill, 2003) e consumo de alimentos doces e ricos em lipídeos (Taren et al, 1999). Já foi encontrado r 2 de 0,194 (p = 0,01) entre o desejo de aceitação social e a seção do Medical Outcomes Study Inventory destinada à saúde física e mental (Bardwell et al, 2001).…”