The Association of Epstein–Barr Virus with Smooth-Muscle Tumors Occurring after Organ Transplantation

Lee, Elsie S.; Locker, Joseph; Nalesnik, Michael A.; Reyes, Jorgé; Jaffe, Ronald; Alashari, Mouied; Nour, Bakr; Tzakis, Andreas G.; Dickman, Paul S.

doi:10.1056/nejm199501053320104

Cited by 436 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, some follicular dendritic cells were successfully infected with EBV in vitro (38). Recently, smooth muscle tumors in either immunosuppressed AIDS patients or recipients of liver transplant were found to be EBV infected (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of human endothelial cells with Epstein-Barr virus.

Jones

Rivera

Sgadari

et al. 1995

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes growth and tumorigenicity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B cells, and is abnormally elevated in the serum of solid organ transplant recipients who develop EBV-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), but not in control transplant recipients. Endothelial cells derived from PTLD lesions were found to secrete spontaneously high levels of IL-6 in vitro for up to 4 mo. We examined possible mechanisms for sustained IL-6 production by endothelial cells. Here, we show that EBV can infect endothelial cells in vitro. After 3-4 wk incubation with lethally irradiated EBV-positive, but not EBVnegative cell lines, a proportion of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) expressed in situ the EBV-encoded small 1LNAs (EBER). Southern blot analysis after polymerase chain reaction showed EBV DNA in HUVEC that had been incubated with lethally irradiated EBV-positive ceils, but not in the controls. Exposure of HUVECs to lethally irradiated EBV-positive but not EBV-negative cell lines induced IL-6 production that was sustained for up to 120 d of culture. These studies identify endothelial cells as targets for EBV infection and raise the possibility that this infection may be important in the life cycle and pathology of EBV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of human endothelial cells with Epstein-Barr virus.

Jones

Rivera

Sgadari

et al. 1995

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Thus, we cloned the cDNAs for different human cytokines and for 33 It has also been found in T lymphocytes of The episomal EBNA1/oriP vectors permitted in general a higher transfection efficiency compared with the patients with chronic EBV infection, 34 in parotid gland ducts, 35 in hairy leukoplakia of the tongue 36 and in pKEX-derived vectors, ie about a three-fold elevated number of stably transfected clones for cell line BJA-B smooth muscle tumors of immunosuppressed children. 37 Thus, a wide spectrum of cells might be infected when and about 90-fold augmented for the BL60 cell line. These results reflected the stable, cell line-independent episousing such mini-EBVs for gene therapy.…”

Section: -27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Epstein–Barr virus-based episomal vectors for expression of cytokine genes in human lymphoma cells

et al. 1997

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Plasmids carrying the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent gene obtained with these EBV-based vectors were compared EBNA1 and the EBV latent origin of replication (oriP) stay with another plasmid, not carrying EBNA1 and oriP. cDNAs in transfected human cells as autonomously replicating coding for GM-CSF, IL6, TNF␣, the chloramphenicolacetylextrachromosomal genetic units. They thus might reptransferase (CAT) and the ␤-galactosidase (lacZ) gene resent a suitable tool for cytokine gene introduction into were transfected into the EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma human tumor cells with the prospect of therapeutic anticell line BL60 and the EBV-negative B cell lymphoma cell tumor vaccination. The aim of this study was to analyze line BJA-B. EBV-derived vectors permitted a high, host cell whether such plasmids permit stable and efficient independent transfection efficiency and high and host cell expression of cytokine genes in human non-Hodgkin lymindependent levels of expression. After removal of the phoma cells. We tested physical stability and expression selection pressure (hygromycin B) cytokine expression levels of plasmids carrying EBNA1 and oriP for episomal could be detected for several weeks in vitro and in vivo maintenance, immunoglobulin light chain enhancer but, however, declined continuously. These experiments elements for augmentation of expression, and cytokine or suggest that episomal BC-derived vectors represent an marker genes after introduction into human NHL cell lines effective tool for cytokine gene transfer in human lymin vitro and in vivo after inoculation into nude mice. Data phoma cells.

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“…It has been associated with almost all cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [14], a subset of gastric carcinomas [15], lymphoepitheliomas of a variety of foregut sites [14], inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver and spleen [16], and HIV-associated smooth muscle neoplasms [17]. In this review, we will only discuss the EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, dividing them into B-cell, T/NK-cell, and HIV-related lymphoproliferative disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%