The Association of Hypertension with Obesity and Metabolic Abnormalities among Chinese Children

Abstract

A total of 8898 Chinese children (4580 boys and 4318 girls) aged 7–13 years in 6 cities of east China were recruited. Data on height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, glucose, and insulin were collected. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 11.1%. Overweight and obese children had a higher risk of developing hypertension than their counterparts (29.1%, 17.4%, and 7.8%, resp.) (P = 0.0001). The means levels of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (1.0 mmol/L, 4.5 mmol/L, 8.4 mU/mL and 1.7, resp.) among hypertensive children were all significantly higher than their normotensive counterparts (0.8 mmol/L, 4.5 mmol/L, 5.9 mU/mL, and 1.2, resp.) (P = 0.0001). Compared with the healthy children, the risk (odds ratio, OR) of having hypertension among children with high triglycerides, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome was 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–2.0, P = 0.0334), 1.5 (95% CI: 0.9–2.5, P = 0.0890), and 2.8 (95%CI: 1.5–5.4, P = 0.0014), respectively, after controlling for age, gender, BMI, income level, parents' education level and puberty. In conclusion, overweight and obese children have higher risk of having hypertension and children with dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome and higher HOMA-IR have higher risk of developing hypertension.

Differences in prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in children and adolescents in the eastern, central and western regions of China from 1991-2011 and the associated risk factors

“…We observed overweight and obese children and adolescents respectively had higher possibilities in developing prehypertension and hypertension, consistent with other studies that blood pressure or hypertension were positively correlated with BMI and obesity [11, 14]. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents increased across the latest decades [36, 37], with the enrichment of material consumption.…”

Elevated blood pressure and its associated risk factors among adolescents of a North Indian City - A cross-sectional study

“…In this study, the prevalence of hypertension is 11.8% and is not dissimilar with results of previous studies. [ 8 9 ] In contrary, other studies in India as well as in other parts of the world report prevalence ranging from 0.46% to 21.8%. The reason might be because neither the study group's age or ethnicity nor the methodology used was similar.…”

Impact of BMI on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

“…At each interview, patients will be required to complete an interviewer-led questionnaire with questions on lifestyle information including (1) regular exercise, (2) smoking cessation, ( 3 ) reduced fried foods and meat, and (4) sleeping time. Patient's responses on smoking, diet, and exercise were based on the following Likert scale: never, rarely, sometimes, very often, and always.…”

“…Obesity is highly prevalent among Chinese adults, and it has become a major public health challenge in China [1,2]. Obesity increases a number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM), and is associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality [3,4]. However, some controversial studies have demonstrated that overweight or obese patients with CVD may have a better prognosis than underweight or normal-weight CVD patients [5][6][7].…”