The association of levels of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in rural Australian adults

Vaughan, Clare; Schoo, Adrian; Janus, Edward; Philpot, Benjamin; Davis-Lameloise, Nathalie; Lo, Sing Kai; Laatikainen, Tiina; Vartiainen, Erkki; Dunbar, James

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-273

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Because the cohort consisted of women with documented prehypertension, we anticipated these women might have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Though rural populations differ from each other, our findings that 31% of this cohort had metabolic syndrome was similar to the work of Vaughan and associates [15] who reported that 33% of rural Australian women ages 25–74 years were classified as having metabolic syndrome. However, our prevalence of metabolic syndrome (31%) was much less than the 40.2% reported for rural women across the USA from the 1999–2006 NHANES data [5], perhaps in part due to our inclusion/exclusion criteria which included women able to walk one-mile without assistance and excluded women with hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Rural Midwestern women are recognized as part of a distinct group in the US population who have documented health disparities, with poorer self-reported health, higher rates of sedentary behavior and obesity, lower fitness, and higher risk of other cardiovascular risk disease factors, compared to their urban counterparts [5, 6, 10–13]. The reported findings related to the influence of rurality in terms of geographic locations and associated lifestyles with metabolic syndrome is inconsistent, reinforcing the need to understand the unique health risks for specific rural populations [11, 14, 15]. Identifying risk factors for and methods to improve metabolic health is an important public health issue, especially for this vulnerable rural population, as metabolic syndrome may be a stronger predictor for future risk of cardiovascular disease risk in women than in men [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Women with Prehypertension

et al. 2012

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Background. This study investigated the associations of fitness and fatness with metabolic syndrome in rural women, part of a recognized US health disparities group. Methods. Fitness, percentage body fat, BMI, and metabolic syndrome criteria were assessed at baseline in 289 rural women with prehypertension, ages 40–69, enrolled in a healthy eating and activity community-based clinical trial for reducing blood pressure. Results. Ninety (31%) women had metabolic syndrome, of which 70% were obese by BMI (≥30 kg/m2), 100% by percentage body fat (≥30%), and 100% by revised BMI standards (≥25 kg/m2) cited in current literature. Hierarchical logistic regression models, adjusted for age, income, and education, revealed that higher percentage body fat (P < 0.001) was associated with greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Alone, higher fitness lowered the odds of metabolic syndrome by 7% (P < 0.001), but it did not lower the odds significantly beyond the effects of body fat. When dichotomized into “fit” and “unfit” groups, women categorized as “fat” had lower odds of metabolic syndrome if they were “fit” by 75% and 59%, for percentage body fat and revised BMI, respectively. Conclusion. Among rural women with prehypertension, obesity and fitness were associated with metabolic syndrome. Obesity defined as ≥25 kg/m2 produced results more consistent with percentage body fat as compared to the ≥30 kg/m2 definition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Women with Prehypertension

et al. 2012

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“…Most studies reported a higher prevalence of MetS in females, except in studies conducted in rural Australia [22], rural India [23], urban Japan [24], urban Pakistan [18] and one National survey conducted in China [25] and Macau [26]. The highest prevalence in females (47.2%, IDF criteria) was observed in a study conducted in urban India [27], while the lowest prevalence (3.7%, IDF criteria) was observed in a National survey conducted in Macau [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the asia-pacific region: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe Asia-Pacific region is home to nearly half of the world’s population. The region has seen a recent rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present systematic review summarizes the recent prevalence and trends of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among adults in countries of the Asia-Pacific Region.MethodsData on MetS in Asia-Pacific countries were obtained using a stepwise process by searching the online Medline database using MeSH terms ‘Metabolic Syndrome X’ and ‘Epidemiology/EP’. For the purpose of describing prevalence data for the individual countries, studies that were most recent, nationally representative or with the largest sample size were included. When evaluating secular trends in prevalence in a country we only considered studies that evaluated the temporal change in prevalence between similar populations, prospective studies based on the same population or National surveys conducted during different time periods.ResultsThis literature search yielded a total of 757 articles, and five additional article were identified by screening of reference lists. From this total, 18 studies were eligible to be included in the final analysis. Of the 51 Asia-Pacific countries (WHO) we only located data for 15. There was wide between country variation in prevalence of MetS. A national survey from Philippines conducted in 2003 revealed the lowest reported prevalence of 11.9% according to NCEP ATP III criteria. In contrast, the highest recorded prevalence in the region (49.0%) came from a study conducted in urban Pakistan (Karachchi, 2004). Most studies reported a higher prevalence of MetS in females and urban residents. Data on secular trends were available for China, South Korea and Taiwan. An increase in the prevalence of MetS was observed in all three countries.ConclusionDespite differences in methodology, diagnostic criteria and age of subjects studied, the Asia-Pacific region is facing a significant epidemic of MetS. In most countries nearly 1/5th of the adult population or more were affected by MetS with a secular increase in prevalence. Strategies aimed at primary prevention are required to ameliorate a further increase in the epidemic and for the reduction of the morbidity and mortality associated with MetS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4041-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Vaughan et al reported an inverse association between the level of physical activity and MS with BMI as the mediating factor. They observed that physical activity in adults, particularly in women, could reduce the risk of MS and associated vascular diseases [22]. A recent multi-center study reports a measurable reduction in CHD risk factors with increased physical activity in overweight or obese, type 2 diabetic individuals [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in rural India—a disparity in definitions

Kempegowda

Marcus²,

P³

et al. 2011

Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries

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Although the metabolic syndrome is a known predictor of coronary heart disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus, it has no agreed definition. The concordance of its various definitions has been studied for a limited number of populations and there are few studies on the rural populations in India. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural population of South India and to evaluate the concordance of the modified National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel III definition and International Diabetes Federation definition for the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose and lipid profile) and blood pressure were measured using standard procedures. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was calculated using the two sets of criteria and compared for their concordance. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze age and risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The chi-square test was applied to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome obtained from the two criteria (significant if p<0.05). An inter-rater reliability analysis using the kappa statistic was performed to determine consistency between the two sets of criteria in diagnosing the metabolic syndrome. The modified National Cholesterol Education Programme-Adult Treatment Panel III definition and International Diabetes Federation definition for metabolic syndrome identified overall age-adjusted prevalence of 17.8% and 20.5% respectively, which were not significantly different. Kappa statistics revealed only moderate agreement of 0.44 between the two sets of criteria. The impact of economic development and preponderance of genetic factors is increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in rural India. It is important to determine which definition of the metabolic syndrome best predicts coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in this population in order to formulate effective public health policy.

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The association of levels of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in rural Australian adults

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Women with Prehypertension

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness with Metabolic Syndrome in Rural Women with Prehypertension

Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the asia-pacific region: a systematic review

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in rural India—a disparity in definitions

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