The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect

Shanahan, Meghan; Austin, Anna E.; Durrance, Christine Piette; Martin, Sandra L.; Mercer, Jeremy A; Runyan, Desmond K.; Runyan, Carol S. Wolf

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.020

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, expansion of state-funded health insurance to millions of low-income adults in the US was associated with significant reductions in referrals to Child Protective Services for neglect, compared with states that did not participate, adjusting for confounders . Increases in the generosity of economic support policies, including the Earned Income Tax Credit, state minimum wage, and Low-Income Housing Tax Credit are associated with lower rates of neglect and physical abuse . The introduction of state-paid parental leave policies was significantly associated with reductions in hospital admissions for pediatric abusive head trauma .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Mental Disorders and Suicide Attributable to Childhood Maltreatment

Grummitt,

Baldwin,

Lafoa’i

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceThe proportion of mental disorders and burden causally attributable to childhood maltreatment is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of child maltreatment to mental health conditions in Australia, accounting for genetic and environmental confounding.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis meta-analysis involved an epidemiological assessment accounting for genetic and environmental confounding between maltreatment and mental health and 3 cross-sectional national surveys: the Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) 2023, National Study of Mental Health and Well-being 2020-2022, and Australian Burden of Disease Study 2023. Causal estimates were derived on the association between childhood maltreatment and mental health conditions from a meta-analysis of quasi-experimental studies. This was combined with the prevalence of maltreatment from the ACMS to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF). The PAF was applied to the number and burden of mental health conditions in Australia, sourced from 2 population-based, nationally representative surveys of Australians aged 16 to 85 years, to generate the number and associated burden of mental disorders attributable to child maltreatment.ExposurePhysical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect prior to age 18 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion and number of cases, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years of mental health conditions (anxiety, depression, harmful alcohol and drug use, self-harm, and suicide attempt) attributable to childhood maltreatment.ResultsMeta-analytic estimates were generated from 34 studies and 54 646 participants and applied to prevalence estimates of childhood maltreatment generated from 8503 Australians. Childhood maltreatment accounted for a substantial proportion of mental health conditions, ranging from 21% (95% CI, 13%-28%) for depression to 41% (95% CI, 27%-54%) of suicide attempts. More than 1.8 million cases of depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders could be prevented if childhood maltreatment was eradicated. Maltreatment accounted for 66 143 years of life lost (95% CI, 43 313-87 314), primarily through suicide, and 184 636 disability-adjusted life-years (95% CI, 109 321-252 887).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides the first estimates of the causal contribution of child maltreatment to mental health in Australia. Results highlight the urgency of preventing child maltreatment to reduce the population prevalence and burden of mental disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Mental Disorders and Suicide Attributable to Childhood Maltreatment

Grummitt,

Baldwin,

Lafoa’i

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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“…First, rigorously studying the effect of income support policies on CAN is challenging owing to difficulties with randomizing income supports. Several previous studies have used approaches that rely on changes in public assistance programs. However, these policies often include a work requirement, such as the EITC and the minimum wage, that confound the effect of income alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, rigorously studying the effect of income support policies on CAN is challenging owing to difficulties with randomizing income supports. Several previous studies [3][4][5][6][7][8]28,30 have used approaches that rely on changes in public assistance programs.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, with 2 exceptions, 36,37 medical records of child maltreatment cases have rarely been examined relative to economic and social policies. Prior research on the EITC, [3][4][5][6]28 minimum wage, 7,8 child tax credit, 5,28 low-income housing tax credit, 30 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, 21,38 and Medicaid 39,40 has almost exclusively focused on child maltreatment reports, foster care admissions, or self-reported data.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Expanded Child Tax Credit Payments With Child Abuse and Neglect Emergency Department Visits

Bullinger

Boy

2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePoverty has long been associated with a higher risk for child maltreatment, and recent research suggests that income support policies are associated with reduced child abuse and neglect. However, income supports tied to employment cannot separate the associations of income from those of employment.ObjectiveTo estimate the short-term association of universal and unconditional income payments to parents with child abuse and neglect.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, variation in the timing of the 2021 expanded child tax credit (CTC) advance payments was used to determine whether receiving unconditional income is associated with child abuse and neglect. A fixed-effects approach was used to compare child abuse and neglect before and after payments were made in 2021. The study compared 2021 trends with the same period in 2018 and 2019, during which no CTC payments were made. Participants were pediatric emergency department (ED) patients identified as experiencing child abuse or neglect at a level I pediatric hospital system in the Southeastern US from July through December 2021. Data were analyzed from July to August 2022.ExposuresTiming in the disbursement of the expanded CTC advance payments.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDaily child abuse and neglect-related ED visits.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 3169 ED visits related to child abuse or neglect. The 2021 advance payments of the expanded CTC were associated with fewer child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. There was a decrease in these ED visits in the 4 days following the advance CTC payments, although the reduction was not significant (point estimate, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.01; P = .06). There were significant reductions in such ED visits among male children (point estimate, −0.40; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.06; P = .02) and non-Hispanic White children (point estimate, −0.69; 95% CI, −1.22 to −0.17; P = .01). These reductions did not persist, however.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that federal income supports to parents are associated with immediate reductions in child abuse and neglect-related ED visits. These results are important for discussions of making the temporary expansion of the CTC permanent and are applicable to income support policies more broadly.

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“…Thus, prevention requires policy intervention at the societal level. For example, policies addressing Medicaid expansion, paid family leave, earned income tax credit, and lack of waitlists to access subsidized childcare have each been associated with a decrease in child maltreatment …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Struggling to Stem the Tide of Child Maltreatment

Schilling,

Wood,

Christian

2024

JAMA

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The Association of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Units and Reports of Child Abuse and Neglect

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Burden of Mental Disorders and Suicide Attributable to Childhood Maltreatment

Burden of Mental Disorders and Suicide Attributable to Childhood Maltreatment

Association of Expanded Child Tax Credit Payments With Child Abuse and Neglect Emergency Department Visits

Struggling to Stem the Tide of Child Maltreatment

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