The association of marijuana use with outcome of pregnancy.

Linn, Shai; Schoenbaum, Stephen C.; Monson, RichardR.; Rosner, Rita; Stubblefield, Phillip C.; Ryan, Kenneth J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.73.10.1161

Cited by 157 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, our data are inconsistent with findings of studies that have not found a significant association between cannabis use in pregnancy and birth outcomes (13,14,16,18). The existing discrepancy between the findings might be due to the difference in the study design and assessment of cannabis use (e.g., retrospective vs. prospective) (14) or level of adjustment for confounders (13,16). Using a large routinely collected data set, our study suggests a significant effect of in utero exposure to cannabis on the birth outcomes examined independent of sociodemographic background and use of other substances.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The findings of this study are consistent with previous research, which has suggested that smoking cannabis during pregnancy may lead to lower birth weight (6-9), increased rate of premature birth (7), and shorter birth length (11,12). However, our data are inconsistent with findings of studies that have not found a significant association between cannabis use in pregnancy and birth outcomes (13,14,16,18). The existing discrepancy between the findings might be due to the difference in the study design and assessment of cannabis use (e.g., retrospective vs. prospective) (14) or level of adjustment for confounders (13,16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…A number of studies have reported some adverse effects, including low birth weight (6)(7)(8)(9), preterm birth (7,8,10), small for gestational age (SGA) (7), and small birth length (11,12). However, other studies have disputed these findings (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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Articles Clinical Investigationnature publishing group INTRODUCTION:This study aimed to examine the association between cannabis use before and during pregnancy and birth outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 26.3% of women reported previous use of cannabis and 2.6% reported current use. Multivariate analysis, controlling for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and use of other illicit drugs, showed that cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (cI): 1.3-2.2), preterm labor (OR = 1.5; 95% cI: 1.1-1.9), small for gestational age (OR = 2.2; 95% cI: 1.8-2.7), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 2.0; 95% cI: 1.7-2.4). DISCUSSION:The results of this study show that the use of cannabis in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Prevention programs that address cannabis use during pregnancy are needed. METHODS: Data were from women birthing at the Mater Mothers' hospital in Brisbane, australia, over a 7-y period (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006). Women were interviewed in the initial antenatal visit about their use of cannabis and other substances. Records for 24,874 women who provided information about cannabis use, and for whom birth outcomes data were available, were included in the analysis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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“…Similarly, Owa (16) reported that 62.3% of 106 severely jaundiced Nigerian neonates were G-6-PD deficient compared with 13.3% of 128 nonjaundiced controls. Despite their higher frequency of the (TA) 7 promoter polymorphism, African American neonates, overall, have a lower prevalence of neonatal jaundice compared with Caucasian counterparts (17). However, within the African-American neonatal group is a subgroup of G-6-PD deficient infants with a high incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(TA)n UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Promoter Polymorphism in Nigerian Neonates

et al. 2008

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Nigerian neonates have a high incidence of bilirubin encephalopathy. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency is prevalent in this population. (TA) 7 promoter polymorphism in the gene encoding the bilirubin conjugating enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) potentiates hyperbilirubinemia in G-6-PD deficient neonates. We studied (TA) n allele frequency to determine, at least in part, its contribution to the frequency and severity of hyperbilirubinemia. DNA was extracted from umbilical cord blood of sequentially born Nigerian neonates and the (TA) n UGT1A1 promoter sequence determined. The (TA) n allele distribution was compared with reported adults of varying African ancestry and Sephardic Jewish neonates. Among 88 Nigerian neonates, (TA) 6 and (TA) 7 alleles were almost equally distributed (0.46 and 0.43, respectively). Some individuals with (TA) 5 and (TA) 8 sequences were encountered. Allele distribution was similar to that of the African ancestry population but differed from the Sephardic Jewish newborns, in whom the (TA) 6 /(TA) 7 distribution was 0.65/ 0.35. Whereas 45% of Nigerian alleles and 50% of African ancestry alleles, respectively, included a (TA) 7 or (TA) 8 sequence, only 35% of Jewish alleles were (TA) 7 (p Ͻ 0.001), and no (TA) 8 alleles were encountered. The high frequency of (TA) n promoter polymorphism, coupled with G-6-PD deficiency, may contribute to the pathogenesis of extreme neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Nigeria.

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“…Some evidence for decreased height has been found in children with prenatal exposure [15,16]. Minimum evidence exists on a significant association between prenatal and/or breastfeeding marijuana exposure and risk for stillbirth, SIDS, development of depression, delinquent behavior, congenital heart lesions, psychosis, or future marijuana use [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Limited evidence also exists for preterm and low birth weight [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Pregnancy and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization

Wang

2016

J. Med. Toxicol.

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An "unintended consequence" of marijuana legalization is the impact on the pediatric population. From prenatal exposure to unintentional childhood exposures, through concerns of adolescence abuse and marijuana use for medicinal indications in children, marijuana exposure can affect pediatric patients at every stage in childhood. Regardless of the stage or reason of exposure, concerns exist about short-term and long-term consequences in a child's physical and mental health. The use of cannabidiol (CBD) may have some benefit for the treatment of epilepsy, but emphasis needs to be on rigorous clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. As more states allow both medical and recreational marijuana, availability and prevalence of use will likely increase and more surveillance and research is needed to evaluate the consequences on the pediatric population.

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The association of marijuana use with outcome of pregnancy.

Cited by 157 publications

References 10 publications

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy

(TA)n UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Promoter Polymorphism in Nigerian Neonates

Pediatric Concerns Due to Expanded Cannabis Use: Unintended Consequences of Legalization

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