The Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Other Common Ocular Diseases With Dry Eye: A Population-Based Study in Spain

Viso, Eloy; Gudé, Francisco; Rodríguez‐Ares, María Teresa

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e3181da5778

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Reduced corneal sensation could provide inadequate feedback through ophthalmic nerve to the central nervous system, resulting in less efferent stimulation to lacrimal gland, with reduced tear production and promotion of a vicious cycle [11]. In addition, blepharitis and other ocular surfaces disorders commonly associated with DED may also influence patient's perception of symptoms [33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis

Gomes

Santhiago

Azevedo

et al. 2012

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Background One of the most frequent ocular features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is dry eye disease (DED), which has been identified to occur in 37-79% of patients.Although several studies have found weak or no correlations between symptoms and signs of dry eye, symptoms are often the motivation for seeking eye care, and are therefore a critical outcome measure when assessing treatment effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of symptoms of dry eye on vision-related quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis, and to investigate the relation between clinical tests and symptoms of dry eye in these patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 45 consecutive patients with SSc were enrolled. For evaluation of the symptoms the "Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)" questionnaire was applied to all patients. After that, all individuals were submitted to a full ophthalmic examination, including the following tests: tear break-up time, Schirmer I, rose bengal staining. Patients were then grouped into dry eye and non-dry eye groups with regard to the diagnosis of dry eye. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare continuous variables, whereas the Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical data between groups. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the correlations between clinical tests and OSDI scores. P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results Dry eye disease was diagnosed in 22 patients (48.9%). Other ocular surface abnormalities found were: blepharitis (40% of the patients), pterygium (15.6%), pinguecula (82.2%), and superficial punctate keratitis (26.7%). Among the 45 patients, 29 patients (64.4%) had symptoms of ocular surface disease. The mean OSDI score was 26.8±25.8 (SD). There were no statistically significant differences in OSDI scores between DED and non-DED patients. No substantive correlations were found between OSDI scores and TBUT, Schirmer I, or rose bengal staining score, and none of the observed correlations reached statistical significance. Conclusion Symptoms of dry eye have a moderate impact on vision-related quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis and do not correlate well with clinical findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis

Gomes

Santhiago

Azevedo

et al. 2012

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…50,51 Due to hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation, such patients may be prone to corneal oedema and mucus build-up potentially affecting comfort. 52 The tear film may also be affected by puberty, menopause and while taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, although the evidence for this is contradictory.…”

Section: Failure To Replace Lenses When Scheduledmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and symptom taking in contact lens fitting and aftercare

Wolffsohn

Naroo

Christie

et al. 2015

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Abstract Aim: To appraise history and symptom taking for contact lens consultations, to determine current practice and to make recommendations for best practice. Permanent repository link Method:The peer reviewed academic literature was reviewed and the results informed a survey completed by 256 eye care practitioners (ECPs) on their current practice and influences. Results:The last eye-test date, last contact lens aftercare (for existing wearers) and reason for visit are key questions for most ECPs. Detailed use of contact lens questions are more commonly applied in aftercares than when refitting patients who have previously discontinued wear (87% vs 56% use), whereas questions on ocular and general history, medication and lifestyle were generally more commonly utilised for new patients than in aftercares (72% vs 50%). 75% requested patients bring a list of their medication to appointments. Differential diagnosis questioning was thorough in most ECPs (87% of relevant questions asked). Attempts to optimise compliance included oral instruction (95% always) and written patient instructions (95% at least sometimes). Abbreviations were used by 39% of respondents (26% used ones provided by a professional body). Conclusion:There is scope for more consistency in history and symptom taking for contact lens consultations and recommendations are made.

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“…In previous reports we described the prevalence of DE and its associations. 14,15 In this article, we analyze the prevalence and associated factors of asymptomatic and symptomatic MGD and the impact of these disorders on the ocular surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the General Population of Spain

Viso

Rodríguez‐Ares²,

Abelenda³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.To describe epidemiologic characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a general adult population in northwestern Spain. METHODS.A total of 1155 subjects aged 40 years and older were selected by an age-stratified random sample procedure in O Salnés, Spain. A standardized symptoms questionnaire was administered and a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, which included ocular surface tests, was carried out. Absent, viscous, or waxy white secretion upon digital expression, lid margin telangiectasia or plugging of the meibomian gland orifices was considered evidence of MGD. The prevalence and associations of asymptomatic and symptomatic MGD, and their effects on the ocular surface, were investigated. ). This prevalence increased with age (P ¼ 0.000) and was higher in males than in females (P ¼ 0.003). The prevalence of symptomatic MGD was 8.6% (95% CI, 6.7-10.9). This prevalence also increased with age (P ¼ 0.000) but was not associated with sex. Abnormal tear breakup time and fluorescein staining prevalence estimates were higher among asymptomatic subjects. After controlling for age and sex, asymptomatic MGD was associated with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR a ] 2.23) and cardiovascular disease (OR a 1.80), and symptomatic MGD with rosacea (OR a 3.50) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR a 16.50). RESULTS.CONCLUSIONS. Asymptomatic MGD is more common than symptomatic MGD. Symptomatology is not associated with secondary damage to the ocular surface. Some systemic diseases may lower whereas others may raise the risk of developing symptoms. Symptom-based approaches do not seem appropriate for MGD estimation. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

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The Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Other Common Ocular Diseases With Dry Eye: A Population-Based Study in Spain

Abstract: DE and MGD are common diseases in this population. MGD is strongly associated with symptoms and signs of DE. Nearly half of the subjects with DE have MGD. Pterygium, trauma, cataract surgery, pseudoexfoliation, and glaucoma are associated with signs of DE.

Cited by 102 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis

Evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis

History and symptom taking in contact lens fitting and aftercare

Prevalence of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the General Population of Spain

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