The association of perceived health, clinical status, and initiation of HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) in adolescents

Effect of race and/or ethnicity in use of antiretrovirals and prophylaxis for opportunistic infection: a review of the literature

“…51 Among 327 HIV-infected adolescents ages 12-18 years enrolled in the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH) study in 1996-1999, 25% had been prescribed HAART by the time of study enrollment. 57 Among those not on HAART by enrollment, 53% were prescribed HAART during their first two years in the study. 57 Associations between race/ethnicity and use of antiretroviral medications Overall, 26 studies evaluated the effect of race and/or ethnicity on the use of antiretroviral medications.…”

“…57 Among those not on HAART by enrollment, 53% were prescribed HAART during their first two years in the study. 57 Associations between race/ethnicity and use of antiretroviral medications Overall, 26 studies evaluated the effect of race and/or ethnicity on the use of antiretroviral medications. (See Table 1.)…”

“…(See Table 1.) Overall, 15 studies had data collection periods that included 1996 or later, [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] i.e., after FDA approval for use of the first protease inhibitor in late 1995. Ten of the these reports specifically measured the use of either protease inhibitors, NNRTIs, or HAART.…”

“…Ten of the these reports specifically measured the use of either protease inhibitors, NNRTIs, or HAART. [45][46][47][48]50,[53][54][55][56][57] Overall, 14 studies found a negative association between non-white race and antiretroviral use in one or more multivariate analyses. 32,36-39,45-48,52-55 Among these 14, eight studies found only a negative association across all outcomes assessed, 32,[36][37][38][39]45,55,56 and six studies found mixed results depending on the specific outcome measure.…”

“…37,45,48,[52][53][54] Three studies found a positive association with at least one antiretroviral use measure, 40,44,48 two of which found either no association 44 or a negative association 48 across a different measure of antiretroviral use. Sixteen studies found no association between race/ethnicity and at least one measure of antiretroviral use; [33][34][35]37,[41][42][43][44][45][49][50][51][52][53][54]57 however, five of these also found a negative association on at least one antiretroviral use measure, 37,45,52-54 and one also found a positive association. 44 In four of these studies an association between race/ethnicity and antiretroviral use explicitly noted in bivariate analyses lost statistical significance after adjustment for other covariates.…”