The Association of Pre-existing Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection, Severity and Mortality: Results From the Korean National Health Insurance Database

Kim, Jihee; Chang, In Bok; Kim, Yoo Hwan; Min, Chanyang; Yoo, Dae Myoung; Choi, Hyo Geun

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.821235

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, the ATT for dementia showed a negative impact on its severity. These results are not in agreement with those of previous studies [22,23,31,32], and dementia itself would not intuitively seem to have a positive effect on the severity of COVID-19. However, two reports from Japan stated that dementia was not a significant risk factor for severe illness due to COVID-19 [6,33].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of dementia, living in a long-term care facility, and physical activity status on COVID-19 severity in older adults

Tsuzuki

Akiyama

Matsunaga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundJapan is fast becoming an extremely aged society and older adults are known to be at risk of severe COVID-19. However, the impact of risk factors specific to this population for severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) are not yet clear.MethodsWe performed an exploratory analysis using logistic regression to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness among 4,868 older adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result who were admitted to a healthcare facility between 1 January 2022 and 16 May 2022. We then conducted one-to-one propensity score (PS) matching for three factors—dementia, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status—and used Fisher’s exact test to compare the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases in the matched data. We also estimated the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) in each PS matching analysis.ResultsOf the 4,868 cases analyzed, 1,380 were severe. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, renal failure and/or dialysis, physician-diagnosed obesity, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status were risk factors for severe disease. Vaccination and dementia were identified as factors associated with non-severe illness. The ATT for dementia, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status was −0.04 (95% confidence interval −0.07, −0.01), 0.09 (0.06, 0.12), and 0.17 (0.14, 0.19), respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that poor physical activity status and living in a long-term care facility have a substantial impact on the risk of severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron VOC, while dementia might be associated with non-severe illness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact of dementia, living in a long-term care facility, and physical activity status on COVID-19 severity in older adults

Tsuzuki

Akiyama

Matsunaga

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In addition, the ATT for dementia showed a negative relevance to its severity. These results are not in agreement with those of previous studies [ 22 , 23 , 33 , 34 ], and dementia itself would not intuitively seem to have a positive effect on the severity of COVID-19. However, two reports from Japan stated that dementia was not a significant risk factor for severe illness due to COVID-19 [ 6 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that living in a long-term care facility was an independent risk factor for mortality [ 21 ]. Moreover, dementia or pre-existing Alzheimer's disease was reported to be associated with late mortality due to COVID-19 [ 22 , 23 ]. According to Steenkamp et al ., a moderate or high level of physical activity had a preventive effect on severe COVID-19 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between physical activity status and severity of COVID-19 in older adults

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The risk factors specific to the elderly population for severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) are not yet clear. We performed an exploratory analysis using logistic regression to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness among 4,868 older adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result who were admitted to a healthcare facility between 1 January 2022 and 16 May 2022. We then conducted one-to-one propensity score (PS) matching for three factors-dementia, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status-and used Fisher's exact test to compare the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases in the matched data. We also estimated the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) in each PS matching analysis.Of the 4,868 cases analyzed, 1,380 were severe. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, renal failure and/or dialysis, physician-diagnosed obesity, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status were risk factors for severe disease.Vaccination and dementia were identified as factors associated with non-severe illness.The ATT for dementia, admission from a long-term care facility, and poor physical activity status was −0.

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“…The death risk in PS after hospitalization (58%) seems to be comparable or even higher than that reported for patients with dementia [48–52]. These two extremely vulnerable conditions possibly share the same risk factors for COVID‐19 disease severity and death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization, and death for COVID‐19 in people with Parkinson disease or parkinsonism over a 15‐month period: A cohort study

Zenesini

Vignatelli

Belotti

et al. 2022

Euro J of Neurology

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Background and purpose The patterns of long‐term risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization for COVID‐19, and related death are uncertain in people with Parkinson disease (PD) or parkinsonism (PS). The aim of the study was to quantify these risks compared to a control population cohort, during the period March 2020–May 2021, in Bologna, Northern Italy. Methods ParkLink Bologna cohort (759 PD, 192 PS) and controls (9226) anonymously matched (ratio = 1:10) for sex, age, district, and comorbidity were included. Data were analysed in the whole period and in the two different pandemic waves (March–May 2020 and October 2020–May 2021). Results Adjusted hazard ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.7) in PD and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.3–2.8) in PS compared to the controls. The trend was detected in both the pandemic waves. Adjusted hazard ratio of hospitalization for COVID‐19 was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8–1.7) in PD and 1.8 (95% CI = 0.97–3.1) in PS. A higher risk of hospital admission was detected in PS only in the first wave. The 30‐day mortality risk after hospitalization was higher ( p = 0.048) in PS (58%) than in PD (19%) and controls (26%). Conclusions Compared with controls, after adjustment for key covariates, people with PD and PS showed a higher risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection throughout the first 15 months of the pandemic. COVID‐19 hospitalization risk was increased only in people with PS and only during the first wave. This group of patients was burdened by a very high risk of death after infection and hospitalization.

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The Association of Pre-existing Diagnoses of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection, Severity and Mortality: Results From the Korean National Health Insurance Database

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Impact of dementia, living in a long-term care facility, and physical activity status on COVID-19 severity in older adults

Impact of dementia, living in a long-term care facility, and physical activity status on COVID-19 severity in older adults

Association between physical activity status and severity of COVID-19 in older adults

Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization, and death for COVID‐19 in people with Parkinson disease or parkinsonism over a 15‐month period: A cohort study

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