The Association of Social Relationships and Activities With Mortality: Prospective Evidence From the Tecumseh Community Health Study

House, James S.; Robbins, Cynthia; Metzner, Helen L.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113387

Cited by 1,220 publications

(611 citation statements)

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“…An extensive literature showed subsequently that married persons have lower mortality rates from a variety of diseases (Blazer, 1982;House et al, 1982;Schoenbach et al, 1986). In addition, marital status has been claimed to be an independent prognostic factor in survival from cancer (Neale et al, 1986;Goodwin et al, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of marital status on survival from colon and rectal cancer in Denmark

Johansen¹,

Schou²,

Soll-Johanning³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary Survival from colorectal cancer has been analysed in relation to marital status in a nationwide Danish study of 9596 patients with complete follow-up of 22-26 years. After exclusion of 2294 patients with missing information adjusted five-year survival among married patients was significantly longer (RR=0.85; 95% CI 0.78-0.93).Keywords: Colorectal cancer; marital status; survival; epidemiology Indications of an association between marital status and health were first reported long ago (Ramazzini, 1965;Stavola 1987;Farr, 1859). An extensive literature showed subsequently that married persons have lower mortality rates from a variety of diseases (Blazer, 1982;House et al., 1982;Schoenbach et al., 1986). In addition, marital status has been claimed to be an independent prognostic factor in survival from cancer (Neale et al., 1986;Goodwin et al., 1987). Owing to its high incidence and relatively poor prognosis, colorectal cancer is a major public health problem in most affluent industrial countries, including Denmark (Johansen et al., 1993). We studied the influence of marital status on survival from colorectal cancer in a nationwide cohort with complete long-term follow-up. Materials and methodsThe present study concerns Danish patients recorded in the Danish Cancer Registry with adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum diagnosed between 1 April 1968 and 31 March 1972. These patients numbered 9596. Of these, 2182 patients were excluded for at least one of the following reasons: a previous cancer (691 patients, 7.2%); information was missing: on extent of the disease (1112 patients, 6.8%); on the anatomical subsite of the tumour, mainly notified as colon unspecified (657 patients, 6.8%); or the diagnosis was given only on a death record (25 patients, 0.3%). Information on marital status at the time of diagnosis was sought in the Central Population Register (CPR), municipality population registers, probate court records, parish registers and regional administration archives, as reported earlier (Mellemgaard et al., 1989). We also excluded 112 patients (1.2%) whose marital status could not be identified in one of the above-mentioned ways, leaving 7302 persons for the survival study. Updating of the Danish Cancer Register resulted in minor differences in the number of patients including in this and a previous study due to late registration in the register (Mellemgaard et al., 1989). Cases were followed-up by linkage to the CPR before 18 August 1994 for dates of death and emigration and for verification of each personal identification number, which is a unique ten digit identification of every Danish resident.Analyses of survival after colorectal cancer The multivariate analyses included sex, age at diagnosis in the age groups 0-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80 -89, and >90 and year of diagnosis (1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972). The anatomical site of the tumour was divided into the categories of right colon, left colon and rectum as previously described (Johansen et al., 1993). The extent of disease at diagnosis was...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of marital status on survival from colon and rectal cancer in Denmark

Johansen¹,

Schou²,

Soll-Johanning³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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“…There is extensive evidence that social support buffers the stress associated with illness, effectively mitigates many of the consequences of physiologic and psychologic stressors, and positively influences health outcomes (49)(50)(51)(52). Although social support has not been studied in individuals with SSc, satisfaction with social support has been correlated with psychological wellbeing in women with RA (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of psychosocial adjustment in systemic sclerosis

Moser

Clements

Brecht

et al. 1993

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To determine predictors of psychosocial adjustment in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Methods. We surveyed 94 patients with SSc. Age, sex, education level, marital status, work status, income, support group attendance, length of time since diagnosis, functional status, social support, illnessrelated uncertainty, and hardiness were examined as potential predictors of psychosocial adjustment. The reliability and validity of the instruments used to measure these variables have been established.ResuZts. Only education level, functional ability, illness-related uncertainty, hardiness, and social support were predictive of psychosocial adjustment. Education level and functional ability explained 14% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment, while illnessrelated uncertainty, hardiness, and social support increased the explained variance to 38 %.Conclusion. Although patients with relatively poorer psychosocial adjustment to illness have lower formal education levels and more functional disability, the majority of the explained variance in psychosocial

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“…suicide, murder, accidental deaths). Rodgers (1995) offers equivalent evidence using a matched case-control methodology, whilst House et al (1982) find that individuals with extensive social networks have lower mortality rates, though an independent effect of marriage remains. Schoenbach et al (1986), however, suggest that the beneficial effects of social networks are limited to elderly people who have few other social ties.…”

Section: Marriage Health and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How is mortality affected by money, marriage, and stress?

Gardner¹,

Oswald

2004

Journal of Health Economics

197

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It is believed that the length of a person's life depends on a mixture of economic and social factors. Yet the relative importance of these is still debated. We provide recent British evidence that marriage has a strong positive effect on longevity. Economics matters less. After controlling for health at the start of the 1990s, we cannot find reliable evidence that income affects the probability of death in the subsequent decade. Although marriage keeps people alive, it does not appear to work through a reduction of stress levels. Greater levels of psychological distress (as measured by General Health Questionnaire stress scores) cannot explain why unmarried people die younger. For women, however, we do find that mental strain is dangerous. High GHQ stress scores help to predict the probability of an early death.

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The Association of Social Relationships and Activities With Mortality: Prospective Evidence From the Tecumseh Community Health Study

Cited by 1,220 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of marital status on survival from colon and rectal cancer in Denmark

Influence of marital status on survival from colon and rectal cancer in Denmark

Predictors of psychosocial adjustment in systemic sclerosis

How is mortality affected by money, marriage, and stress?

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