The associations between ADHD, pain, inflammation, and quality of life in children and adolescents—a clinical study protocol

Kerekes, Nóra; Lundqvist, Sara; Hjalmarsson, Elke Schubert; Naluai, Åsa Torinsson; Kantzer, Anne‐Katrin; Knez, Rajna

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273653

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A specific link between pain and neurodevelopmental disorders in children has previously been suggested 7 . Our results reinforce the need for future studies on pain in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders 2 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Our results show that abdominal pain was more common than headaches among the boys and the girls in the clinical sample. There is ongoing research on how the brain (the central nervous system) and gut (the enteric nervous system) communicate and depend on each other 2 . Thus, this type of research may provide new and critical information about the brain–gut relationship that will aid in answering some of the existing questions about the occurrence of abdominal pain in people with psychiatric conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Our results reinforce the need for future studies on pain in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. 2 In this study, we did not investigate other factors that may have been contributing to the pain experienced by the patients, such as social and academic factors. According to our clinical knowledge and previous research, 16 the stressors of children and adolescents who receive care within CAP are typically related to their social and/or academic environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean prevalence of headaches in children has been estimated to be 54.4%–58.4% 1,2 . In addition, up to 10.5% of all schoolchildren in Europe have frequent abdominal pain 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean prevalence of headaches in children has been estimated to be 54.4%–58.4%. 1 , 2 In addition, up to 10.5% of all schoolchildren in Europe have frequent abdominal pain. 3 , 4 Studies in which children with frequent headaches have been compared to those without headaches have shown that there is a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders in children with frequent headaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions

Lundqvist

Knez

Nagy

et al. 2023

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

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The prevalence of pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions is rarely investigated. The aims of the current study were to (a) describe the prevalence of headaches and abdominal pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions, (b) compare the prevalence of pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions with that in the general population, and (c) investigate the associations between pain experience and different types of psychiatric diagnoses. Families with a child aged 6-15 years who had been referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) clinic completed the Chronic Pain in Psychiatric Conditions questionnaire.Information about the child/adolescent's psychiatric diagnosis(es) was extracted from the CAP clinic's medical records. The children and adolescents included in the study were divided into diagnostic groups and compared. Their data were also compared with data of control subjects collected during a previous study of the general population. Abdominal pain was more common among girls with a psychiatric diagnosis (85%) than in the matched control population (62%, p = 0.031). Children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental diagnoses had a higher prevalence of abdominal pain than children and adolescents with other psychiatric diagnoses. Pain conditions in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis are common and must be addressed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean prevalence of headaches in children has been estimated to be 54.4%–58.4% 1,2 . In addition, up to 10.5% of all schoolchildren in Europe have frequent abdominal pain 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions

Lundqvist

Knez

Nagy

et al. 2023

Paediatric and Neonatal Pain

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Frequent Pain is Common Among 10-11-Year-Old Children with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Berggren,

Bergman,

Almquist-Tangen

et al. 2024

JPR

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Pain-Associated Diagnoses in Childhood Before the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study

Merzon,

Magen,

Levy

et al. 2024

Children

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Background: Pediatric pain significantly affects children’s lives, leading to school absenteeism, impaired social interactions, and psychological distress. The perception of sensory signals as pain is influenced by the brain’s noradrenergic system, and recent evidence suggests that chronic pain may impact cognitive functioning and emotional regulation. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with alterations in the dopaminergic/noradrenergic systems, which could affect pain perception. Pain-associated conditions and frequent analgesic use in childhood may be linked to ADHD development and could serve as early indicators, yet data on this potential association remain limited. Study Aim: This population-based case-control study in Israel aimed to assess the prevalence of pain-related diagnoses prior to ADHD diagnosis in children aged 5 to 18. The study included children registered with Leumit Health Services (LHS) between 1 January 2006, and 30 June 2021. Children diagnosed with ADHD were compared to matched controls, selected based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, and other sociodemographic factors, who were never diagnosed with ADHD during the study period. Results: Children with ADHD (N = 18,756) and controls (N = 37,512) were precisely matched for sociodemographic characteristics. Individuals with ADHD exhibited significantly higher frequencies of diverse pain conditions, including those associated with illness [headache, earaches, and throat pain (odds ratios [OR] = 1.156 [95%CI 1.085, 1.232], 1.295 [95%CI 1.217, 1.377], and 1.080 [95%CI 1.019, 1.145], respectively; p < 0.01)] and injury [sprains and strains (OR = 1.233 [95% CI 1.104,1.376)]. Analgesics were more frequently purchased by individuals with ADHD, particularly paracetamol (OR = 1.194 [95%CI 1.152, 1.237], p < 0.001) and ibuprofen (OR = 1.366 [95%CI 1.318, 1.416], p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights a potential connection between ADHD and pediatric pain. The elevated rates of pain diagnoses and analgesic usage among children with ADHD underscore the need for further research.

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The associations between ADHD, pain, inflammation, and quality of life in children and adolescents—a clinical study protocol

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions

Prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents with psychiatric conditions

Frequent Pain is Common Among 10-11-Year-Old Children with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Pain-Associated Diagnoses in Childhood Before the Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Study

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