The Associations between Bone Mineral Density and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress plays an essential role in bone health among postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers among postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years with normal bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.Methods: In this observational study, 120 women with normal bone mineral density, 82 with osteopenia, and 86 with osteoporosis were selected based on the densitometry data obtained from the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using biochemical methods. A binary logistic regression model adjusted for confounders was used to estimate the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: There were significant differences between the three groups in age, menopausal age, body mass index, and education (P<0.05). According to the binary logistic regression model, higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels were associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.991; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.986 to 0.996; and aOR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.141 to 0.986, respectively). MDA was a significant risk factor for osteopenia in postmenopausal women (aOR, 1.702; 95% CI, 1.125 to 2.576).Conclusion: Higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels in the studied postmenopausal women were associated with a significantly lower risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, the risk of osteopenia increased significantly with higher serum MDA levels.

Effects of cosmos caudatus (Kenikir) antioxidant properties on bone metabolism marker in rat

“…The expression and activity of SOD have a profound influence and response on vascular cells experiencing acute and chronic oxidative stress ( Wahjuni, 2015 ). Research by Sanaz et al concluded that higher SOD activity in postmenopausal women was associated with a significantly lower risk of osteoporosis ( Malekian et al, 2023 ). Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the number of osteoporosis patients in Indonesia is much larger and is the country with the 2nd largest osteoporosis sufferer after China, with a population over 60 years old at higher risk of osteoporosis ( Leopoldini et al, 2011 ; Dirjen Pelayanan Kesehatan, 2022 ).…”

Women’s Health and Primary Care

“…Primary care physicians should focus on establishing prevention and treatment strategies for women's overall health, including contraception, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause management. [7][8][9] Throughout this process, the socio-cultural environment affecting women's health should also be carefully considered.…”