The Associations between Dietary Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors in Polish Adults (LifeStyle Study)

Abstract

Sedentary behavior, a low physical activity level, and unhealthy dietary patterns are risk factors for major chronic diseases, including obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with sedentary behaviors (SB) and self-reported physical activity (PA). The data was collected in November 2016 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey amongst 1007 Polish adults. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between PA and SD (independent variables), and DPs (dependent variables). Five DPs (‘Fast foods & sweets’—FF&S; ‘Meat & meat products’—M∓ ‘Fruit & vegetable’—F&V; ‘Wholemeal food’—WF; ‘Fruit & vegetable juices’—F&VJ) were identified. Representing M&MP independently increased the chance of watching TV at least once a day (by 73%). There was no such relationship between the FF&S and sedentary behaviors. Being in the upper tertiles of pro-health DPs increased the chance of reading books (by 177%—F&V, 149%—WF, 54%—F&VJ) and watching TV (by 71%—F&V). On the other hand, belonging to the upper tertile of WF reduced the chance of using the computer for more than 4 h a day. Belonging to the upper tertile of healthy DPs (WF and F&VJ) increased the chances of moderate or high physical activity, both at work/school and during leisure time. Within F&V, there was a lower chance of moderate or high physical activity at work/school. Being in the upper tertile of unhealthy DPs (FF&S and M&MP) did not show any significant association with physical activity. The study indicated the associations between both healthy and unhealthy DPs and some sedentary behaviors. Association between F&V and watching TV and reading books/newspapers should be recognized as potentially efficient in education. Association between M&MP and watching television can be indicative of the mutual overlap of a negative lifestyle resulting in the development of overweight and obesity, especially since the extent of occurrence of sedentary behaviors is high.

Food Involvement, Eating Restrictions and Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults: Expected Effects of Their Relationships (LifeStyle Study)

“…Total variance explained was 64.2%. The relationship between the so-identified dietary patterns and selected elements of the lifestyle was already presented in other articles [28,29].…”

“…The characteristics of the identified dietary patterns, i.e., 'Fruit and vegetables', 'Wholemeal food', 'Fast foods and sweets', 'Fruit and vegetable juices' and 'Meat and meat products', are summarized in Table 2 [28,29].…”

<p>Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene (HEPAS) as the Winning Triad for Sustaining Physical and Mental Health in Patients at Risk for or with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Considerations for Clinical Practice</p>

“…156 The worse a subject eat the less active he is, and that was confirmed for both children and adults. 157,158 Moreover, youths who sleep little may be more prone to fast food consumption and vegetable or fruit avoidance, 140 with late sleep timing being associated with increased consumption of energy drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, and breakfast skipping. 139 These associations may be due to changes in appetite regulatory hormones that subsequently contribute to overeating and obesity.…”

Sociodemographic and Regional Determinants of Dietary Patterns in Russia

“…Factor loading |≥0.4| of food products was considered as making a significant contribution to the factor structure. As a rule, factor loading with a value of |≥0.2| was used; however, depending on the data obtained, higher values were also used [29][30][31][32]. DPs were named according to the variables loaded on a retained component.…”

“…Participants were divided into four groups (quartiles, Q) for each DP. Then, in the course of evaluating the influence of socio-demographic and regional characteristics, a comparison was made of individuals relating to the highest Q4 quartile to all others (i.e., Q1, Q2, and Q3), as done previously in [27,28,30,32].…”