The Associations Between Forced Sex and Severe Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Asian American Women

Hahm, Hyeouk Chris; Augsberger, Astraea; Feranil, Mario; Jang, Jisun; Tagerman, Michelle

doi:10.1177/1077801216647797

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In line with previous research findings (Issahaku, 2015;Hahm et al, 2017;Honda et al, 2018;Pengpid et al, 2018), these women who had experienced abusive relationships reported physical pain, a low level of self-esteem and self-worth, depression and trauma-related symptoms. A sense of disempowerment occurred in particular when they felt that there was nobody to help them and they had nowhere to go.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is grave in nature, and it can cause several mental and/or physical health problems or disabilities. Researchers have found that women who have experienced sexual violence by a partner might suffer from PTSD (Bennice et al, 2003;Kessler et al, 2017;Zakrison et al, 2017;Honda et al, 2018), depression (Davhana-Maselesele et al, 2014;Honda et al, 2018), anxiety (Jaquier et al, 2015;Honda et al, 2018), substance and alcohol abuse (Decker et al, 2014;Jaquier et al, 2015;Hahm et al, 2017;Pengpid et al, 2018), somatic symptoms (Honda et al, 2018), sleep problems (Issahaku, 2015), and suicidal ideation and/or attempt (Sedziafa et al, 2016;Honda et al, 2018;Pengpid et al, 2018). They might also experience an unwanted pregnancy, abortion, being infected with HIV, and experience other forms of physical issues such as facial injuries, physical weakness, hypertension, and genital problems (Sedziafa et al, 2016).…”

Section: " I Had To Do That [What They Saw On Porn Clip] … I Didn't Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Critical Analysis of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence in Iran

et al. 2019

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According to global data, intimate partner violence and its corresponding impact threaten the lives of almost 35% of women at some point in their life. The aim of this research was to explore the effects of intimate partner sexual violence on women's sense of self-efficacy when it comes to speaking out against violence and seeking help. In-depth interviews and a thematic analysis approach were employed to collect and analyze the data. The participants were 10 women with experiences of intimate partner sexual violence. They were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Two main themes were drawn from the data, including Exposure and Empowerment. Exposure refers to the type of violence women have experienced and its physical and emotional effects; and Empowerment refers to factors women considered as giving them the courage to speak out against perpetrators, to seek help from others, or to refrain from doing either. It is concluded that Iranian women are not passive when exposed to intimate partner sexual violence, and social support, mainly from family and friends, was a pathway to feelings of empowerment; without this support, women's emotional health is put in jeopardy. Due to the importance of social networks in creating a sense of empowerment, it is recommended that professionals involved in cases of intimate partner sexual violence create an alliance with the women's families and friend and educate them on how to prevent violence or offer help before the violence takes its toll on woman's emotional and physical wellbeing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: " I Had To Do That [What They Saw On Porn Clip] … I Didn't Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Analysis of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence in Iran

et al. 2019

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“…Most research has focused on HIV vulnerability in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV); fewer studies have examined HIV risks from sexual violence perpetrated by any person, including nonpartners (García-Moreno, 2013). Finally, little is known about the sociodemographic, psychosocial, health, and clinical factors correlated with HIV acquisition through forced sex; this information can inform GBV prevention strategies and HIV care (Batchelder et al, 2016; Hahm, Augsberger, Feranil, Jang, & Tagerman, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Forced Sex as a Self-Reported Mode of HIV Acquisition Among a Cohort of Women Living With HIV in Canada

Logie

Kaida

Pokomandy

et al. 2017

J Interpers Violence

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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global epidemic associated with increased HIV exposure. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of HIV acquisition via forced sex among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Canada. Baseline questionnaire data were analyzed for WLWH (≥16 years) with data on self-reported mode of HIV acquisition, enrolled in a community-based cohort study in British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec. We assessed forced sex (childhood, adulthood) as a self-reported mode of HIV acquisition. Of 1,330 participants, the median age was 42 (interquartile range [IQR] = 35-50) years; 23.5% were Indigenous, 26.3% African/Caribbean/Black, 43% White, and 7.2% of Other ethnicities. Forced sex was the third dominant mode of HIV transmission at 16.5% ( n = 219; vs. 51.6% consensual sex, 19.7% sharing needles, 5.3% blood transfusion, 3.8% perinatal, 1.3% contaminated needles, 0.4% other, 1.6% do not know/prefer not to answer). In multivariable analyses, significant correlates of HIV acquisition from forced versus consensual sex included legal status as a landed immigrant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.12, 3.54]) or refugee (aOR = 3.62; 95% CI = [1.63, 8.04]) versus Canadian citizen; African/Caribbean/Black ethnicity versus Caucasian (aOR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.43, 4.35]), posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (aOR = 3.00; 95% CI = [1.68, 5.38]), histories of group home residence (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = [1.10, 5.23]), foster care (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI = [1.10, 4.34]), and having one child relative to having three or more children (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI = [0.31, 0.89]). GBV must be considered a distinct HIV risk factor; forced sex is a significant underrecognized risk factor and mode of women's HIV acquistion. Public health reporting systems can separate consensual and forced sex in reporting modes of HIV acquisition. Practitioners can engage in screening practices to meet client needs.

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“…IPV has been linked with higher levels of sexual risk behaviors, including early onset sexual activity, forced unprotected sex, and increased substance use. 8 , 11 , 12 Studies have shown that abused women are more likely to have multiple sexual partners and less likely to use condoms, thus putting them at increased risk for STIs. 13 , 14 Furthermore, alcohol use before or during sex has been shown to be a potential risk factor of HIV/STI transmission and acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among Thai women attending gynecology clinics

2020

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are significant public health problems worldwide. However, most research on this association and risk of STIs has been conducted in Western countries and may not be generalizable to women living in different contexts, such as Thailand. We aimed to examine prevalence of IPV and identify factors associated with STIs among Thai women. Participants were patients aged 15–49 years attending two gynecology clinics at a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Data were collected through an anonymous structured questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, IPV, childhood abuse (CA), sexual risk behaviors, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and self-reported STI diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with STI diagnosis. Among 400 participants, 84 (21%) had ever experienced at least one type of IPV in the past year. IPV, CA, age at first sex, multiple sexual partners, and alcohol use were significantly associated with STI-positive. Women who reported IPV (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.11–6.28), experienced CA (OR = 5.59, 95% CI = 1.08–28.99), and had multiple sexual partners (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08–1.79) were significantly more likely to have an STI. Incorporation of IPV screening into general STIs screening is needed for this population to prevent and decrease IPV and STI consequences. Further research is also needed to understand the pathways linking IPV and STI risk to optimize the design of effective prevention interventions.

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The Associations Between Forced Sex and Severe Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Asian American Women

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

A Critical Analysis of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence in Iran

A Critical Analysis of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence in Iran

Prevalence and Correlates of Forced Sex as a Self-Reported Mode of HIV Acquisition Among a Cohort of Women Living With HIV in Canada

Intimate partner violence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among Thai women attending gynecology clinics

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