The Associations between Loss and Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Following Hurricane Ike

Paul, Lisa A.; Price, Matthew; Grös, Daniel F.; Gros, Kirstin Stauffacher; McCauley, Jenna L.; Resnick, Heidi S.; Acierno, Ron; Ruggiero, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1002/jclp.22026

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies, the univariable analyses revealed that home damage, life-threatening events, witnessing other people experiencing traumatic events, and lack of necessities were all significant correlates of PTSD (Chan & Rhodes, 2014;Paul et al, 2014;Ursano et al, 2014). Financial loss was identified as a consistent predictor of PTSD in previous literature (Galea, Tracy, Norris, & Coffey, 2008;Silvestre et al, 2014), but was not significant in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The association between disaster exposure and media use on post-traumatic stress disorder following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China

Hall

Xiong

Yip

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Direct exposure to natural disasters and related losses are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is less clear whether indirect media exposure is associated with PTSD.Objective: This study investigated key exposure-related risk factors for PTSD and examined the effect of media exposure on the prevalence of disaster-related PTSD.Method: Typhoon Hato directly hit Macao on 23 August 2017. It was one of the most serious natural disasters ever to strike southern China. One month after the event, 1876 Chinese university students in Macao were recruited into a cross-sectional study (mean age 20.01 years, SD = 2.63; 66.2% female). Self-reported typhoon exposure, media use and exposure to disaster-related content, and PTSD symptoms were collected using an electronic survey. Univariable analyses assessed associations between risk factors and PTSD, which were then included in a series of multivariable logistic regressions.Results: The prevalence of PTSD was 5.1%. Adjusted models demonstrated that being male (vs female) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.63], home damage (aOR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.71–4.78), witnessing people injured (aOR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.36–4.00), and almost drowning during the storm (aOR = 8.99, 95% CI 1.92–41.99) were associated with PTSD. After adjusting for direct exposure, indirect exposure to disaster-related social media content, including information related to drowning victims (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.67) and residents’ emotional reactions (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.44–2.72), was associated with PTSD. Viewing more information about the storm itself (aOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.28–0.49) and images of heroic acts (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.94) were significantly associated with lower odds of PTSD.Conclusion: These findings add to the literature demonstrating that some types of media use and certain media content following a natural disaster are associated with PTSD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The association between disaster exposure and media use on post-traumatic stress disorder following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China

Hall

Xiong

Yip

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Brewin, Andrews, and Valentine (2000) argue that methodological differences between these studies renders direct comparisons between these groups difficult, with both rates of long term PTSD and identification of risk factors varying wildly. A number of factors have been identified that appear to predict a chronic course of post-traumatic stress following a traumatic event in several civilian populations including personal losses, personal exposure to the traumatic incident, personal injury, and perceived threat (Paul et al, 2014). McFarlane (1988d) found that none of these factors predicted the emergence of PTSD symptoms among a sample of firefighters 25 months after exposure to a traumatic event suggesting that the risk factors for the development of post-traumatic stress symptoms among firefighters may be unique to this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Long-term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Coping in Australian Volunteer Firefighters

Doley

Bell²,

Watt³

2016

J Nerv Ment Dis

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This study examined the relationship between coping style and long-term posttraumatic stress symptoms in an Australian sample of volunteer firefighters 84 months following a bushfire disaster. A total of 277 firefighters completed 4 questionnaires to assess patterns of psychiatric morbidity. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to investigate the effect of time and disorder on coping. Firefighters evidencing distress were more likely to use both problem- and emotion-focused methods of coping. Based on previous research, it was hypothesized that problem-focused coping strategies would be used after 84 months. The use of both problem- and emotion-focused coping may be due to the length of time following this disaster or unique characteristics of firefighters. These data suggest that present coping theories are not sufficient to account for the onset and pattern of psychiatric morbidity within a firefighter sample. The authors declare no conflicts of interest including financial, consultant, institutional, and other relationships that might lead to bias.

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“…On the other hand, having more resources can buffer against future resource loss and also facilitate future resource gain (Hobfoll, 1998) [11]. These patterns have been supported through studies showing that material resource loss predicts personal characteristic resource loss in the form of psychological distress [13,14], whereas resource gain is only critical in predicting distress in the context of loss [15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefit of Conserving and Gaining Resources after Trauma: A Systematic Review

Hollifield

Gory

Siedjak

et al. 2016

JCM

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Background: Traumatic events involve loss of resources, which has consistently been found to be associated with developing stress-related illness such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to determine if there is evidence for the salutatory effect of resource gain on PTSD, and if there are intervention models that utilize and assess gain in PTSD. Data Sources: All relevant online databases were systematically searched using key terms and a method, detailed in Figure 1. Results: Of 22 relevant articles, there were three intervention studies, one longitudinal naturalistic study, eleven non-intervention association studies focusing on PTSD, and eight non-intervention association studies not focusing on PTSD. The intervention and naturalistic studies showed a significant positive effect on PTSD by specifically targeting the gain of resources during an intervention. Other non-intervention research supports the notion that resource loss is pathogenic and resource gain is beneficial after traumatic exposure. Conclusions: Interventions that develop and assess effects of gain of various types of resources on stress-related illness should be encouraged. Interventions that already have proven efficacy for PTSD might include standardized assessment of resource loss and gain to further understand mechanisms of action.

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The Associations between Loss and Posttraumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Following Hurricane Ike

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

The association between disaster exposure and media use on post-traumatic stress disorder following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China

The association between disaster exposure and media use on post-traumatic stress disorder following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China

An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Long-term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Coping in Australian Volunteer Firefighters

The Benefit of Conserving and Gaining Resources after Trauma: A Systematic Review

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