The goal of this study was to quantify the mobility and partitioning of trace elements originating from mine waste rocks derived from open pit coal extraction activities. The results showed that native rice plants were adapted to growing in metal contaminated soils, posing a severe health risk to local population. Sequential extraction procedures and bulk soil chemical analyses both suggest enrichment of Cd, Pb and Cu in rice paddy soils. Lead was shown to be evenly partitioned among all mineral and organic phases. Copper was associated with carbonates and organic matter. Smaller fractions of Pb and Cu were also bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Only 25% of Cd, 9% of Pb and 48% of Cu were associated with the exchangeable fraction, considered mobile and thus bioavailable for plant uptake. Effects of Cd, Cu and Pb on local Cam Pha Nep cai Hoa vang, and control Asia Italian rice, showed marked differences in growth. The local Vietnamese variety grew close to control values, even upon exposure to higher trace metal concentrations. Whereas the development of the control rice species was significantly affected by increasing trace metal concentrations. This result suggests toxic trace elements accumulation in the edible parts of crops.Waste rock material derived from open pit coal mining contains significant concentrations of reduced sulfides. These include pyrite (FeS 2 ), chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) and other metal sulfides, including covellite (CuS), chalcocite (Cu 2 S) and galena (PbS). The Cd containing sulfide, greenockite (CdS), has been found to be frequently associated with sphalerites and wurtzites [(Zn,Fe)S] [11]. The chemical weathering of these minerals enhances the solubility, mobilization and bioavailability of trace metals [11]. In contaminated areas, these elements may be transported by colloidal or suspended particulates present in water used to irrigate agricultural land [12].Trace elements in soils have detrimental effects on the growth of staple crops (e.g., rice, barley, garlic, wheat, maize) [13][14][15][16], and can accumulate in their edible parts posing a serious health risk to humans [8,[17][18][19]. Cadmium, Cu and Pb have been identified as having adverse effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth [16,17,[20][21][22]. In addition, toxic metal tolerance in crop varieties has been shown in rice, sunflower, wheat and leguminous species, leading to an increment in metal uptake and to their concentration in edible plant parts, posing a severe health risk [8,23,24].In this study, a first approach quantifies metal fractionation and mobility in mine waste rock and rice paddy soil samples, from the open-pit coal mining region of Quang Ninh, (Vietnam). A second part of the study focuses on determining the effect of mobile toxic elements (e.g., Cd, Cu, Pb) on the growth of native and control rice plant varieties.