2021
DOI: 10.3233/jad-210384
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The Associations of Plasma/Serum Carotenoids with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Background: Multiple lines of evidence indicate protective effects of carotenoids in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between carotenoids levels and the risk of AD. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the associations of six major members of carotenoids with the occurrence of AD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web o… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…The importance of low lutein and zeaxanthin in AD brains is emphasized by reports that those with highest levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet, plasma, serum, or macular pigment (retinal accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin) have a 50% lower risk for an AD diagnosis [28,53], and higher cognitive performance [43,[54][55][56][57][58]. Performance of cognitively normal and AD subjects on the Mini-Mental State Examination correlated positively with plasma levels of both lutein and zeaxanthin, even after correction for HDL cholesterol levels [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The importance of low lutein and zeaxanthin in AD brains is emphasized by reports that those with highest levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet, plasma, serum, or macular pigment (retinal accumulation of lutein and zeaxanthin) have a 50% lower risk for an AD diagnosis [28,53], and higher cognitive performance [43,[54][55][56][57][58]. Performance of cognitively normal and AD subjects on the Mini-Mental State Examination correlated positively with plasma levels of both lutein and zeaxanthin, even after correction for HDL cholesterol levels [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…95 However, in a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations of plasma/serum carotenoids with AD, ⊍-carotene concentrations in plasma/serum were not related to the risk of AD. 72 Contrary study findings call into question the effects of ⊍-carotene on brain health. In this case, we suspect that because there is less ⊍-carotene in foods and less of it is retained in the blood as we age, the association between disease and trace substances may be difficult to observe.…”
Section: Brain Effectmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…α ‐Carotene tended to be associated with higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) only in a study of plasma antioxidants and risk of dementia in older adults 95 . However, in a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the associations of plasma/serum carotenoids with AD, α ‐carotene concentrations in plasma/serum were not related to the risk of AD 72 . Contrary study findings call into question the effects of α ‐carotene on brain health.…”
Section: Biological and Medical Activity Of α‐Carotenementioning
confidence: 92%
“…A study indicates that the consumption of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich vegetables were associated with a lower rate of age-related cognitive decline ( Martínez García et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2021 ). In addition, the level of zeaxanthin in plasma is inversely related to the risk of AD ( Qu et al, 2021 ). It is well known that oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in AD risk ( Zhang et al, 2022 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%