The athlete’s heart Part II Influencing factors on the athlete’s heart: Types of sports and age (Review)

Pavlik, G.; Major, Zsuzsanna; Csajági, Eszter; Jeserich, Michael; Kneffel, Zs.

doi:10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.1.1

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Systolic function is thought to be characterised by the TDI determined S' (5,14,15). In our present study, no significant difference was seen in the RV S'.…”

Section: Systolic Functionscontrasting

confidence: 48%

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Comparison of left and right ventricular adaptation in endurance-trained male athletes

Major

Csajági

Kneffel

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Characteristics of the athlete's heart have been investigated mostly in the left ventricle (LV); reports referring to the right ventricle (RV) have only appeared recently. The aim of the present study was to compare the training effects on RV and LV in elite male endurance athletes. To this end, echocardiography was conducted in 52 elite endurance athletes (A) and in 25 non-athletes (NA). Differences between A and NA in the morphology was more marked in the RV (body-size-matched (rel.)) long axis diastolic diameter (RVLADd): 63.4 ± 6.3 vs. 56.4 ± 6.3; rel. short axis diastolic diameter (RVSADd): 27.3 ± 3.6 vs. 23.6 ± 2.7 mm/m, RV diastolic area 28 ± 5.0 vs. 21.3 ± 4.3 cm 2 in all cases, p < 0.001) than in the LV (rel. LVLADd: 63.8 mm/m ± 5.6 vs. 60.7 mm/m ± 6.6, p < 0.05, rel.LVSADd 37.8 ± 3.1 vs. 35.3 ± 2.4, no difference). In the athletes ratios of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity (2.07 ± 0.51 vs. 1.75 ± 0.36, p < 0.01), the TDI-determined E'/A' ratio in the septal (1.89 ± 0.55 vs. 1.62 ± 0.55, p < 0.05) and lateral (2.62 ± 0.72, vs. 2.18 ± 0.87, p < 0.001) walls were significantly higher than in NA only in the LV. Results indicate that in male endurance athletes morphologic adaptation is similar or slightly stronger in the RV than in the LV, functional adaptation seems to be stronger in the LV.

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“…Systolic function is thought to be characterised by the TDI determined S' (5,14,15). In our present study, no significant difference was seen in the RV S'.…”

Section: Systolic Functionscontrasting

confidence: 48%

“…In our previous reviews, which refer mostly to the LV, athletic characteristics of the heart were divided into morphologic, functional and regulatory areas (14,15). In the present study, we examined characteristics of the RV in a similar way.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of left and right ventricular adaptation in endurance-trained male athletes

Major

Csajági

Kneffel

et al. 2015

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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“…It has been estimated that at least two years regular arduous physical training on average is required to develop changes in cardiac morphology (17). Athletes in the present study had been training for at least two years and, to support the sufficient efforts invested in the process, all had achieved the national to international competitive level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cardiac size of high-volume resistance trained female athletes: shaping the body but not the heart

Venckūnas

Simonavičius

Marcinkeviciene

2016

Acta Physiologica Hungarica

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Introduction: Exercise training, besides many health benefits, may result in cardiac remodelling which is dependent on the type and amount of exercise performed. It is not clear, however, whether significant adaptation in cardiac structure is possible in females undergoing resistance type of exercise training. Rigorous high volume training of most muscle groups emphasising resistance exercises are being undertaken by athletes of some aesthetic sports such as female fitness (light bodybuilding). The impact of this type of training on cardiac adaptation has not been investigated until now. The aim of the current study was to disclose the effect of high volume resistance training on cardiac structure and function. Methods: 11 top-level female fitness athletes and 20 sedentary age-matched controls were recruited to undergo two-dimensional echocardiography. Results: Cardiac structure did not differ between elite female fitness athletes and controls (p > 0.05), and fitness athletes had a tendency for a smaller (p = 0.07) left ventricular (LV) mass indexed to lean body mass. Doppler diastolic function index (E/A ratio) and LV ejection fraction were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Elite female fitness athletes have normal cardiac size and function that do not differ from matched sedentary controls. Consequently, as high volume resistance training has no easily observable effect on adaptation of cardiac structure, when cardiac hypertrophy is present in young resistance-trained lean female, other reasons such as inherited cardiac disease are to be considered carefully.

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“…The primary stimulus for myocardial remodeling is mechanical stress, however, other mechanisms might also contribute. A high prevalence of heart hypertrophy was related to subjects body surface, type, and intensity of training [30,31,32]. Therefore, animals selected for our experiment had comparable baseline body weight.…”

Section: Body and Heart Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac hypertrophy and IGF-1 response to testosterone propionate treatment in trained male rats

Żebrowska¹,

Sadowska-Krępa²,

Jagsz³

et al. 2017

Open Life Sciences

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Abstract:Objective: Several studies have suggested that testosterone exerts a growth-promoting effect in the heart. Limited data are available regarding interactions between possible endocrine/paracrine effects in response to exercise training. Therefore, we examined supraphysiological testosterone-induced heart hypertrophy and cardiac insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 content in sedentary and exercise-trained rats. Design: Male Wistar rats (n=33) were randomly allocated to groups with a 6-week endurance training with or without testosterone, and sedentary animals with or without testosterone. The hormone (20 mg/250 g body weight was administrated once a week for six weeks. After six weeks the animals were anesthetized, euthanized and the heart was excised and weighed. The left ventricle was separated for biochemical analyses. Results: Testosterone-treated animals showed significantly higher cardiac IGF-1 content compared to untreated control and trained groups (p=0.01). The administration of supraphysiological testosterone significantly increased the heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW, p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was seen between IGF-1 levels and the HW/BW ratio (p=0.002; r=0.50) and between serum total testosterone levels and HW/BW (p=0.000; r=0.79). Conclusions:The results demonstrate that increased

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The athlete’s heart Part II Influencing factors on the athlete’s heart: Types of sports and age (Review)

Cited by 26 publications

References 157 publications

Comparison of left and right ventricular adaptation in endurance-trained male athletes

Comparison of left and right ventricular adaptation in endurance-trained male athletes

Cardiac size of high-volume resistance trained female athletes: shaping the body but not the heart

Cardiac hypertrophy and IGF-1 response to testosterone propionate treatment in trained male rats

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