The ATLAS silicon pixel sensors

Alam, M. S.; Ciocio, A.; Einsweiler, K.; Emes, J.; Gilchriese, M.; Joshi, Ashish; Kleinfelder, S.; Marchesini, Roberto; McCormack, F. P.; Milgrome, O.; Palaio, N.P.; Pengg, F.; Richardson, J. D.; Zizka, G.; Ackers, M.; Andreazza, A.; Comes, G.; Fischer, P.; Keil, M.; Klasen, V; Kühl, T.; Meuser, S.; Ockenfels, W.; Raith, B.; Treis, J.; Wermes, N.; Gößling, C.; Huegging, F.; Wüstenfeld, J.; Wunstorf, R.; Barberis, D.; Beccherle, R.; Darbo, G.; Gagliardi, G.; Gemme, C.; Morettini, P.; Musico, P.; Osculati, B.; Parodi, F.; Rossi, L. P.; Blanquart, L.; Breugnon, P.; Calvet, D.; Clémens, J. C.; Delpierre, P.; Hallewell, G. D.; Laugier, D.; Mouthuy, T.; Rozanov, A.; Valin, Isabelle; Aleppo, M.; Caccia, M.; Ragusa, F.; Troncon, C.; Lütz, G.; Richter, R.; Rohe, T.; Brandl, A.; Gorfine, G.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Seidel, S. C.; Boyd, G.; Skubic, P.; Šı́cho, P.; Tomášek, L.; Vrba, V.; Holder, M.; Ziółkowski, M.; D’Auria, S.; Papa, C. Del; Charles, E.; Fasching, D.; Becks, K. H.; Lenzen, G.; Linder, C.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00574-x

Cited by 74 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…is achieved after tuning. In these conditions the average noise level is 160 e for most pixels, and slightly higher for pixels of 600 µm size (long pixels) or for pairs of interconnected pixels (ganged pixels), which are used to cover the otherwise dead area between front-end chips [32]. The tails in Fig.…”

Section: Pixel Detector Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Aad¹,

Abbott²,

Abdallah³

et al. 2010

Eur. Phys. J. C

101

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The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and insitu calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 ± 0.9 µm and a relative momentum resolution σ p /p = (4.83 ± 0.16) ×

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Section: Pixel Detector Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Aad¹,

Abbott²,

Abdallah³

et al. 2010

Eur. Phys. J. C

101

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“…The simulation is shown as the solid histogram and the test beam data are shown as solid points. Note that the sensor simulation does not include the "punch-through" structure on the n + implants which is used to provide a high resistance connection to ground and to provide the possibility of on-wafer IV measurements [18]. There is reduced charge collection from this portion of the implant and the data show reduced signal in both projections at the bias dot.…”

Section: Simulation and Comparison With Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of heavily irradiated silicon pixel sensors and comparison with test beam measurements

Chiochia

Swartz²,

Bortoletto³

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-Charge collection measurements performed on heavily irradiated p-spray DOFZ pixel sensors with a grazing angle hadron beam provide a sensitive determination of the electric field within the detectors. The data are compared with a complete charge transport simulation of the sensor which includes free carrier trapping and charge induction effects. A linearly varying electric field based upon the standard picture of a constant typeinverted effective doping density is inconsistent with the data. A two-trap double junction model implemented in the ISE TCAD software can be tuned to produce a double peak electric field which describes the data reasonably well. The modeled field differs somewhat from previous determinations based upon the transient current technique. The model can also account for the level of charge trapping observed in the data.

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“…2×6 cm 2 in size [3]. The sensor is subdivided into 47,268 pixels which are connected individually to 16 front-end (FE) chips using fine pitch "bump bonding" either done with Pb/Sn by IZM 1 or with Indium by AMS 2 .…”

Section: Module Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slope of the efficiency curve is slightly distorted w.r.t. unirradiated modules because of poor charge collection in a small region of the irradiated sensor ("bias-dot" region) which was implemented to allow reasonable testing of the sensor without readout electronics [3], [7]. …”

Section: Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ATLAS pixel detector

Huegging

2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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Abstract-The ATLAS Pixel Detector is the innermost layer of the ATLAS tracking system and will contribute significantly to the ATLAS track and vertex reconstruction. The detector consists of identical modules, arranged in three barrels concentric with the beam line and centered on the interaction point and three disks on either side for the forward region.The position of the Pixel Detector near the interaction point requires excellent radiation hardness, mechanical and thermal robustness and good long-term stability, all combined with a low material budget. The detector layout, results from production modules and the status of assembly are presented.

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The ATLAS silicon pixel sensors

Cited by 74 publications

References 5 publications

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Simulation of heavily irradiated silicon pixel sensors and comparison with test beam measurements

The ATLAS pixel detector

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