The atmosphere of Neptune - an analysis of radio occultation data acquired with Voyager 2

Lindal, G. F.

doi:10.1086/116119

Cited by 309 publications

(313 citation statements)

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“…This problem was investigated by Gorbunov [1990] who treated inhomogeneities with a small perturbation method. Lindal [1992] also looked at the case where the gravity field was not spherically uniform but presented a significant tilt caused by the planeCs oblateness. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of periodic perturbations of the horizontal density field such as those that gravity waves (GWs) can produce on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles.…”

Section: Paper Number 96rs03599mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

Belloul¹,

Hauchecorne²

1997

Radio Science

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Abstract. Spherical symmetry is generally assumed during the retrieval process of atmospheric prof'des from occultation measurements. The existence of periodic horizontal gradients, occurring on scales comparable to the distances traveled by the rays around their tangent point, is produced by gravity waves. These waves can introduce density perturbations of up to 1 or 2 % in amplitude and affect the retrieved parameters accordingly. We show the consequences of ignoring these gradients in the retrieved refractivity profiles when spherical symmetry is assumed. We f'md that only the waves, with horizontal wavelengths close to the horizontal distance that rays travel in their f'mal 6 or 8 km in the vertical before they are tangent in the atmosphere, will have an influence on the retrieved profiles by introducing a phase delay in the local prof'de of the retrieved refractivity. The horizontal wavelength of these waves corresponds to the minimum horizontal resolution associated with the retrieved profiles. We also find that smaller scale waves do not have any significant impact on the retrieved prof'des, as their contribution cancels out by averaging through the periodic perturbation, while waves with very long horizontal wavelengths are in good agreement with a local spherical symmetry assumption.

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Section: Paper Number 96rs03599mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

Belloul¹,

Hauchecorne²

1997

Radio Science

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“…In fact, ammonia was the first polyatomic molecule detected in space (Cheung et al 1968), and in a recent detailed analysis of Spitzer c2d Legacy ice survey data, it was established that the average abundance of NH 3 in the ices of high-and low-mass protostars is roughly 5% with respect to water (Bottinelli et al 2010;Öberg et al 2011). Ammonia is also an abundant molecule in our solar system, where it has been detected in the atmospheres of the gas giants (Cochran & Cochran 1981;Hofstadter & Muhleman 1989;Lindal 1992;Wong et al 2004). From observations of the NIR 2.2 μm band, solid phase ammonia has been identified on the surfaces of various icy bodies such as Enceladus (Emery et al 2005), Miranda (Bauer et al 2002), Charon (Brown & Calvin 2000), and the Kuiper Belt Object Quaoar (Jewitt & Luu 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

Zanchet

Rodrı́guez-Lazcano

Gálvez

et al. 2013

ApJ

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Ammonia ice has been detected on different astrophysical media ranging from interstellar medium (ISM) particles to the surface of various icy bodies of our solar system, where nitrogen is also present. We have carried out a detailed study of amorphous NH 3 ice and NH 3 :N 2 ice mixtures, based on infrared (IR) spectra in the mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR) regions, supported by theoretical quantum chemical calculations. Spectra of varying ice thicknesses were obtained and optical constants were calculated for amorphous NH 3 at 15 K and 30 K and for a NH 3 :N 2 mixture at 15 K over a 500-7000 cm −1 spectral range. These spectra have improved accuracy over previous data, where available. Moreover, we also obtained absolute values for the band strengths of the more prominent IR features in both spectral regions. Our results indicate that the estimated NH 3 concentration in ISM ices should be scaled upward by ∼30%.

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“…It has been successfully used for many bodies in the solar system, including Jupiter and its satellites (Eshleman, 1975;Hinson et al, 1997), Saturn (Lindal et al, 1985), Uranus (Lindal et al, 1987), Neptune and Triton (Lindal, 1992), Mars (Cahoy et al, 2006), and Venus (Jenkins et al, 1994;Hinson and Jenkins, 1995). Prior to Cassini, the Voyager 1 spacecraft was occulted by Titan in 1979, early in Titan's northern spring (Lindal et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini radio occultations

Schinder

Flasar

Marouf

et al. 2011

Icarus

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The atmosphere of Neptune - an analysis of radio occultation data acquired with Voyager 2

Cited by 309 publications

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Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

The structure of Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini radio occultations

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The atmosphere of Neptune - an analysis of radio occultation data acquired with Voyager 2

Cited by 309 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

Effect of periodic horizontal gradients on the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from occultation measurements

OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH3AND NH3:N2AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS

The structure of Titan’s atmosphere from Cassini radio occultations

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OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF NH₃AND NH₃:N₂AMORPHOUS ICES IN THE NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED REGIONS