The atomic structure of fluor-apatite and its relation to that of tooth and bone material. (With Plates XVI-XVIII.)

Beevers, C. A.; McIntyre, Donald B.

doi:10.1180/minmag.1946.027.194.05

Cited by 122 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…[34][35][36][37] The mineral of teeth and bones was idealized as stoichiometric calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 . 38 However, biologic hydroxyapatites contain minor and trace elements and are therefore not pure HA.…”

Section: Biogenic Hydroxyapatitementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving application of biomimetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite

Roveri¹,

Iafisco²

2010

NSA

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By mimicking Nature, we can design and synthesize inorganic smart materials that are reactive to biological tissues. These smart materials can be utilized to design innovative thirdgeneration biomaterials, which are able to not only optimize their interaction with biological tissues and environment, but also mimic biogenic materials in their functionalities. The biomedical applications involve increasing the biomimetic levels from chemical composition, structural organization, morphology, mechanical behavior, nanostructure, and bulk and surface chemical-physical properties until the surface becomes bioreactive and stimulates cellular materials. The chemical-physical characteristics of biogenic hydroxyapatites from bone and tooth have been described, in order to point out the elective sides, which are important to reproduce the design of a new biomimetic synthetic hydroxyapatite. This review outlines the evolving applications of biomimetic synthetic calcium phosphates, details the main characteristics of bone and tooth, where the calcium phosphates are present, and discusses the chemical-physical characteristics of biomimetic calcium phosphates, methods of synthesizing them, and some of their biomedical applications.

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Section: Biogenic Hydroxyapatitementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving application of biomimetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite

Roveri¹,

Iafisco²

2010

NSA

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“…22 The lattice dimensions in the mineral crystals and the crystallite size were measured by x ray diffraction (XRD), which is a standard method for determining these properties in synthetic and natural apatites. [23][24][25][26] The aims of this study were to confirm the mineralisation deficit in OA cancellous bone of the hip and determine whether there were any concomitant changes in the mineral phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability and structure of cancellous bone mineral from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis

Mkukuma

Imrie²,

Skakle³

et al. 2005

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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Background: Cancellous bone from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported to be undermineralised and that from patients with osteoporosis (OP) is more liable to fracture. Changes in the mineral component might be implicated in these processes. Objectives: To investigate the thermal stability and the mineral structure of cancellous bone from femoral heads of patients with either OA or OP. Methods: Powdered bone was prepared from femoral heads of patients with either OA or OP and a control group. Composition and thermal stability were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser coupled to a mass spectrometer. Unit cell dimensions and the crystallite size of the mineral were measured using x ray diffraction. Results: Thermal stability of the bone matrix, or of the mineral phase alone, was little altered by disease, though OA bone contained less mineral than OP or control bone. In all three groups, x ray diffraction showed that the mineral unit cell dimensions and crystallite sizes were the same. The mean carbonate content in the mineral from all three groups was between 7.2 and 7.6% and is suggested to be located in both the A site (that is, substituting for hydroxyl groups), and the B site (that is, substituting for phosphate groups). Conclusions: These results confirm that there is a lower mass fraction of mineral in OA bone, and indicate that the nature of the mineral is not a factor in either disease process.

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“…Beevers and McIntyre [7] concluded that even very minor changes in the atomic radii of cation species within the c-axis tunnel lead to an expansion or contraction of the tunnel. Therefore, it is useful to consider mechanisms and energies for cation migration within the lattice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6]. The primary crystallographic description of fluorapatite was provided by Beevers and McIntyre [7], who identified these two key features. Firstly, the presence of a central tunnel structure, which is orientated along the c-axis, with CaO 6 and PO 4 polyhedra as corner connected units (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divalent cation diffusion in calcium fluorapatite

et al. 2011

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The mechanisms by which calcium ions are transported through the fluorapatite lattice are investigated using computer simulations. Cation vacancy assisted pathways are considered and migration energy barriers are calculated using a nudged elastic band transition state search. Migration activation energies for a range of divalent cations, in addition to calcium are compared. Generally there is very little change in activation energy as cation radius increases. Furthermore, in all cases the lowest energy migration pathways occur parallel to the c-axis either associated with the central anion channel via Ca(2) sites or away from the channel and via Ca(1) sites.

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The atomic structure of fluor-apatite and its relation to that of tooth and bone material. (With Plates XVI-XVIII.)

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Evolving application of biomimetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite

Evolving application of biomimetic nanostructured hydroxyapatite

Thermal stability and structure of cancellous bone mineral from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis

Divalent cation diffusion in calcium fluorapatite

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