The attachment of filamentous segmented micro-organisms to the distal ileum wall of the mouse: a scanning and transmission electron microscopy study

Koopman, J. P.; Stadhouders, A. M.; Kennis, H. M.; Boer, H. de

doi:10.1258/002367787780740743

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…SFB were present exclusively in the feces of children under 3 years of age, showing peak numbers in children between 7 and 12 months of age (Table 1). The agedependent colonization of SFB in humans is consistent with patterns observed in other animal species, such as mice, rats and chickens (Koopman et al, 1987;Davis and Savage, 1974;Blumershine and Savage, 1978). The age-dependent patterns of SFB colonization in humans could be ascribed to the maturation of the host immune system over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens

et al. 2012

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are indigenous gut commensal bacteria. They are commonly detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite the significant role they have in the modulation of the development of host immune systems, little information exists regarding the presence of SFB in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and diversity of SFB in humans and to determine their phylogenetic relationships with their hosts. Gut contents from 251 humans, 92 mice and 72 chickens were collected for bacterial genomic DNA extraction and subjected to SFB 16S rRNA-specific PCR detection. The results showed SFB colonization to be age-dependent in humans, with the majority of individuals colonized within the first 2 years of life, but this colonization disappeared by the age of 3 years. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that multiple operational taxonomic units of SFB could exist in the same individuals. Cross-species comparison among human, mouse and chicken samples demonstrated that each host possessed an exclusive predominant SFB sequence. In summary, our results showed that SFB display host specificity, and SFB colonization, which occurs early in human life, declines in an age-dependent manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens

et al. 2012

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“…They were either scid/ϩ or scid/scid and were born either to F 1 scid/ϩ mothers or to scid/scid mothers. Observations were made on days 13,16,20,24,28,32,36,44,54, and 70 after the birth of the F 2 mice. At each time point, three to five pups from each group were analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that SFB were absent during the suckling period and appeared in high numbers shortly after weaning (6,16,28), then dramatically decreased in the small intestine (11). By inoculating 4-week-old GF mice with SFB, Snel et al found a similar decline in SFB occurring in the small intestine within the following weeks, while SFB remained constantly present in the cecum and the number of IgA-secreting cells concomitantly increased in the lamina propria of the small intestine (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing, Localization, and Persistence of Colonization by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in the Neonatal Mouse Gut Depend on Immune Status of Mothers and Pups

2001

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As a member of the indigenous gut mucosal microbiota, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonize the guts of a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. They are potent microbial stimuli of the gut mucosal immune system. In the small intestines of mice and rats, it has been observed that SFB are absent during the suckling period and appear in high numbers shortly after weaning, then quickly retreat to the cecum and large intestine. In this study, we explored whether this microecological phenomenon resulted from the interaction between SFB and the passively acquired maternal mucosal immunity and/or the actively acquired mucosal immunity. We set up a mouse model by reciprocal crossings and backcrossings of SFB-monoassociated, formerly germ-free, immunocompetent (؉/؉) BALB/c mice and immunodeficient (scid/scid) mice to produce pups which are either immunocompetent (scid/؉) or immunodeficient (scid/scid) and are born either to immunocompetent (scid/؉) mothers or to immunodeficient (scid/scid) mothers. We monitored the number of SFB on the mucosa of the small intestine in the four different groups of mice after birth, as well as the level of passively acquired antibodies, the active gut mucosal immune responses, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) coating of SFB in the gut. The results showed that, irrespective of whether the pups were scid/scid or scid/؉, SFB could be found earlier on the mucosa of the small intestine in pups born to scid/scid mothers, appearing from day 13 and rapidly reaching a climax around weaning time on day 28, compared to the significantly delayed colonization in the pups of scid/؉ mothers, starting from day 16 and peaking around days 28 to 32. After the climax, SFB quickly declined to very low levels in the small intestines of scid/؉ pups of either scid/scid mothers or scid/؉ mothers, whereas they remained at high levels in scid/scid pups at least until day 70, the last observation time in this study. The dynamic changes in SFB colonization of the small intestines of the different groups of pups may be related to the dynamic changes in the levels of SFB coated with secretory IgA (sIgA), which resulted from the significantly different levels of sIgA obtained from the mothers' milk during the suckling period and, later, of self-produced sIgA in the small intestine. Nevertheless, it is evident that the timing, localization, and persistence of colonization of the neonatal gut by SFB depends on the immune status of both mothers and pups.The intestinal tracts of animals and humans are heavily colonized by gut microbiota. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which generates strong mucosal immune responses against the invasion of frank pathogens, seems to have evolved to permit the survival and propagation of the indigenous microbial populations in the gut (29). On the other hand, GALT in conventional animals is in a physiologically activated state (4, 36), in sharp contrast to the quiescent state of GALT in germ-free (GF) animals. Little is known about the mechanisms of the interactions between indigen...

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“…Intestinal colonization by SFB is influenced by various factors, including diet, weaning, strain, housing, and the immune status of both the mother and the host (10,12,13,15,16). SFB attach apically to epithelial cells, with only minor disruption of microvilli and localized actin polymerization at the attachment site (4,9,20 SFB are suggested to function as an important microbial component of the gastrointestinal ecosystem (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Interact with Intraepithelial Mononuclear Cells

Meyerholz¹,

Stabel

Cheville

2002

Infect Immun

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Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are found in multiple species and play an important role in the development of mucosal immunity. The mechanism by which the bacteria interact with the immune system has not been well defined. We provide morphologic evidence of direct interaction between SFB and intraepithelial mononuclear cells.Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are autochthonous bacteria that colonize the small intestines of a wide range of species (4,8,17,18,20,21). SFB are generally considered nonpathogenic (13,18,20,21) and host specific (26). The organisms have not been successfully cultured in vitro but have been characterized by 16S rRNA analysis to be closely related to the genus Clostridium (22). As a group, these organisms have been provisionally named Candidatus Arthomitus (23).Intestinal colonization by SFB is influenced by various factors, including diet, weaning, strain, housing, and the immune status

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The attachment of filamentous segmented micro-organisms to the distal ileum wall of the mouse: a scanning and transmission electron microscopy study

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens

Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens

Timing, Localization, and Persistence of Colonization by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria in the Neonatal Mouse Gut Depend on Immune Status of Mothers and Pups

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Interact with Intraepithelial Mononuclear Cells

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