The Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale: Psychometric Properties

Abstract

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered individuals are sexual and gender minorities subject to stigma in a heteronormative culture with binary gender role norms. Although much research has examined sexual stigma in the form of homophobia, or negative attitudes and reactions to homosexuals and homosexuality, little is known about the stigma experienced by transgendered individuals. Transgendered people are those whose gender identity (sense of oneself as a man or a woman) or gender expression (expression of oneself as a man or a woman in behavior, manner, and/or dress) differ from conventional expectations for their physical sex. Although a scale exists to measure transphobia or negative attitudes and reactions to transgendered individuals, it includes items tapping into overt behavioral expression of this stigma, or gender-bashing, and fails to identify or define transgendered persons as the attitudinal target of the items. A new scale was developed and evaluated in an effort to assess transgender-related stigma, separately from discrimination and violence, among members of the general population. Using two separate samples of college students ranging in age from 18-64 years, exploratory (N = 134) and confirmatory factor analyses (N = 237) were performed. The resulting 20-item, self-report measure demonstrated a single-factor structure, high internal consistency reliability, and evidence of convergent and discriminant construct validity.

Australian mental health professionals’ competencies for working with trans clients: a comparative study

“…The survey then included an adapted version of the Attitudes Towards Transgender Individuals Scale (ATTIS) (Walch, Ngamake, Francisco, Stitt, & Shingler, 2012), which uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess responses to 20 items. Adaptations to the scale primarily involved substituting the word 'people' for 'individuals' (so for example, "Transgender people should not be allowed to work with children" rather than "Transgender individuals should not be allowed to work with children").…”

The Role of School Counsellors and Psychologists in Supporting Transgender People

“…The first of these was an adapted version of the Attitudes Towards Transgender Individuals Scale (ATTIS; Walch, Ngamake, Francisco, Stitt, & Shingler, 2012), which uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess -.780 3. I avoid transgender people whenever possible.…”

Which Gender is More Concerned About Transgender Women in Female Bathrooms?

“…Previous work consistently found that males were significantly more transphobic than females [7,10,18,20,27,34,35,37,42,43,52,53,56,58], and that male violations from societal gender norms evoke stronger negative reactions than female violations [38,39,49,58]. Baiocco et al [3] observed that females were reported to have a higher percentage of cross-gender best friends than males.…”