The attracting masses in measurements of
            <i>G</i>
            : an overview of physical characteristics and performance

Gillies, G. T.; Unnikrishnan, C. S.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0022

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Contrary to the conventional approach to such gravity measurements, the proposed protocol is based on the sensitive displacement measurement of a probe oscillator, which is driven by modulated gravity. Because the modulation improves the signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity can be improved by up to at least three orders of magnitude relative to current state-of-the-art experiments with source masses of 100 g [22,23]. Thus, it is envisioned that the progress of both approaches will lead to quantum experiments on mm-and mg-scale oscillators for which sensitive gravity measurements may also be made.…”

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confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Displacement Sensing of a mg-Scale Pendulum for mm- and mg-Scale Gravity Measurements

et al. 2019

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Gravity generated by large masses has been observed using a variety of probes from atomic interferometers to torsional balances. However, gravitational coupling between small masses has never been observed so far. Here, we demonstrate sensitive displacement sensing of the Brownian motion of an optically trapped 7-mg pendulum motion whose natural quality factor is increased to 10 8 through dissipation dilution. The sensitivity for an integration time of one second corresponds to the displacement generated by the gravitational coupling between the probe and a mm separated 100 mg mass, whose position is modulated at the pendulum mechanical resonant frequency. Development of such a sensitive displacement sensor using a mg-scale device will pave the way for a new class of experiments where gravitational coupling between small masses in quantum regimes can be achieved.

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confidence: 99%

Demonstration of Displacement Sensing of a mg-Scale Pendulum for mm- and mg-Scale Gravity Measurements

et al. 2019

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“…OF THE NEWTONIAN GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT Historical literature on the determination of G surveys many inspirative experiments with different compositions of source masses and test masses. A very good introduction to this topic can be found in [19] and [20].…”

Section: The Arrangement Of the Precise Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Newtonian Gravitational Constant G Interpreted as the Gravitational Inertia of Vacuum - G0. How to Arrange Twelve Precise Experimental Determinations of GZ in their Spread 500 ppm?

Stávek¹

2021

EJPHYSICS

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We have newly interpreted the Newtonian gravitational constant G as the gravitational inertia of vacuum G0. The source mass inserted into vacuum decreases this value G0 to GZ on the dependence of the atomic number Z of atoms in the source mass. This is the mechanism for the attraction of test masses through vacuum – the test mass follows the decrease of the gravitational inertia of vacuum towards the source mass. We have extracted the relationship GZ = G0 (1 – k Z) where k is the experimental constant from ten actual precise experimental determinations of GZ. This model was tested on two precise experimental values of GZ determined for GEARTH, and GBRASS. This model enables to predict values GZ for atoms, molecules and compositions of the studied source masses and to realize experimental verification with the existing experimental technology. The experimental GZ values are thus arranged into a system and the spread in these data is explained as the influence of atoms of the source masses on their surrounding via the decrease of the gravitational inertia of vacuum. We might achieve the accuracy of experimental values GZ with six significant figures for all configurations of source and test masses.

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“…Benchtop determinations of G also vary the attractor mass and thus are natural experiments that test for a non-linear relationship between gravity and attractor mass, M. Unreported analysis followed a similar procedure to that above using data from experiments reported in Table 1 and a compilation of values of G and M [18]: neither showed any relationship. Nor was there a significant difference in G identified from twinned experiments by a team using 500 L tanks as attractor masses that were filled with water and mercury [19].…”

Section: Experimental Determinations Of Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Solar System Gravitational Anomalies

Coleman

2021

Symmetry

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This article is motivated by uncertainty in experimental determinations of the gravitational constant, G, and numerous anomalies of up to 0.5 percent in Newtonian gravitational force on bodies within the solar system. The analysis sheds new light through six natural experiments within the solar system, which draw on published reports and astrophysical databases, and involve laboratory determinations of G, orbital dynamics of the planets and the moons of Earth and Mars, and non-gravitational acceleration (NGA) of ‘Oumuamua and comets. In each case, values are known for all variables in Newton’s Law , except for the gravitational constant, G. Analyses determine the gravitational constant’s observed value, , which—across the six settings—varies with the mass of the smaller, moving body, m, so that . While further work is required, this examination shows a scale-related Newtonian gravity effect at scales from benchtop to Solar System, which contributes to the understanding of symmetry in gravity and has possible implications for Newton’s Laws, dark matter, and formation of structure in the universe.

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The attracting masses in measurements of G : an overview of physical characteristics and performance

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Demonstration of Displacement Sensing of a mg-Scale Pendulum for mm- and mg-Scale Gravity Measurements

Demonstration of Displacement Sensing of a mg-Scale Pendulum for mm- and mg-Scale Gravity Measurements

The Newtonian Gravitational Constant G Interpreted as the Gravitational Inertia of Vacuum - G0. How to Arrange Twelve Precise Experimental Determinations of GZ in their Spread 500 ppm?

Additional Solar System Gravitational Anomalies

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