The Austrian silver cycle: A material flow analysis

Gsodam, Petra; Lassnig, Melanie; Kreuzeder, Andreas; Mrotzek, Maximilian

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.001

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…MFA consists of four main steps as a system framework, data collection, calculation, and interpretation. The study has been carried out using the software STAN 2.5 [16] developed by the Technical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria [17,18].…”

Section: Materials Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Turkish Boron Exportation to Europe

Elevli

Yaman

Laratte

2022

Mining

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Borate is an essential material to numerous industries and even to individual countries’ economies, defense, and politics. Almost all industries need borates for production, and almost everybody needs their products. Borate is a compound that contains or supplies boric oxide (B2O3). Among the minerals that contain boric oxide, there are only four minerals significant from an economic standpoint, namely borax (tincal), colemanite, ulexite, and kernite. Turkey has almost 70% of all known reserves in the world. Therefore, borates and their products could be one of the main topics for sustainable development in the whole world. The recent development and pursuit of new boron-consuming technologies and alternative products to existing borate-consuming products introduce additional uncertainty to the sustainability of boron minerals. Therefore, the European Union (EU) Commission also declared borate one of the 30 critical raw materials. Turkey is a prosperous country in terms of boron reserves, and it exports almost 96% of borates’ production. In order to better understand the relation between borate minerals and borate products, a material flow analysis (MFA) study has been carried out within the content of this work in order to update the data about the current status of boron. For this purpose, a system has been established that shows the flow of boron material. The extraction, enrichment, and refining processes of boron products are drawn. The results indicate that about 41% of extracted colemanite ore is converted into refined borate, about 31% of tincal ore is converted to refined borate, and 4% of tincal ore is converted to end-usage products, such as detergent. The correctness of the data and the sensitivity of the processes are all estimated values. The results can help in the development of boron sustainability and boron production strategies. The MFA study on tincal and colemanite ore may be an example of boron studies in different countries.

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Section: Materials Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Turkish Boron Exportation to Europe

Elevli

Yaman

Laratte

2022

Mining

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“…Assuming increasing demand for the export of silver finished products, the results of the study showed that the country's dependency on silver ore import will increase. Therefore, recycling of silver and restarting silver mining in the country are offered to reduce dependency on the import of silver ore. (Gsodam, Lassnig, Kreuzeder, & Mrotzek, 2014).…”

Section: Sfa For Resource Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance flow analysis of mercury in Turkey for policy decision support

Civancik-Uslu

Yetış

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Identification and quantification of mercury flows in Turkey are essential for better policy development regarding to the implementation of water-related legislation. To this end, substance flow analysis (SFA) of mercury in Turkey was conducted in order to identify and quantify mercury releases to different environmental compartments and help policy decision makers to better understand their options to reduce mercury flows. For the quantification of mercury flows, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Mercury Toolkit, which is develop by UNEP Chemicals Branch with the aim of assisting countries to develop their own mercury inventory, was used. Results of the study showed that a total of 34.61 t of mercury is released annually from the activities in Turkey to different environmental compartments. It was found that most of the mercury releases were to the atmosphere (74 %) and smaller amounts were to land (21 %) and to water (5 %). Mercury naturally found in the lithosphere was found to be responsible for most of the releases while intentional mercury uses have smaller shares and decreasing importance because of the phasing out of mercury.

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“…Silver is a non-renewable resource [1] and one of the rarest metals of the earth's crust (average 0.075 mg/kg), preceded only by a few others, such as gold and the six platinum group metals (PGM) [2]. Its distinctive physical-chemical properties, its typical use as precious good and its many and unique industrial uses are well known, particularly in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), as specialty catalysts and for strategic and modern high-tech applications [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the World-Leading Primary Silver Mines Exhausting?

Ruberti

Massari

2018

Sustainability

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Silver is one of the rarest metals in nature and certainly among the most used ones, not only as precious good for financial investments but also for many industrial critical applications. Because it would be very difficult to analyze the situation regarding the future global availability of silver as a commodity in general, due to the necessity of a large amount of data which are hardly available, we have focused only on the mining production of primary silver. In particular, the study regards the activities of a sample consisting of twelve of the world top fifteen leading primary silver mines, which represent the 54% of the worldwide primary silver production and 16% of the global silver mining production. We have investigated the related exploitation state and trends of these twelve sites by elaborating their last ten-years statistics on silver production, ore grades, resources and reserves. The findings of this study, in short, are that the cumulative average silver ore grades, both in extracted mineral, resources and reserves, of the above selected mines, have decreased and also that the new mining fields (Dukat, San Bartolomé, Pirquitas, Saucito) have lower silver content indexes than the older ones.

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The Austrian silver cycle: A material flow analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Estimation of the Turkish Boron Exportation to Europe

Estimation of the Turkish Boron Exportation to Europe

Substance flow analysis of mercury in Turkey for policy decision support

Are the World-Leading Primary Silver Mines Exhausting?

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