The auto-regulative capability of pitcher irrigation system

Abu‐Zreig, Majed; Abe, Yukuo; Isoda, Hiroko

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.05.002

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…By plotting ln( h / h o ) as a function of time, K S (mm day ¯ 1 ) was determined from the slope of the graph. The surface area of a given pitcher was calculated (Abu‐Zreig et al ., ) by plotting its actual surface curvature as a function of height ( X ), as shown in Figures and . The radius of a pitcher ( Y ) was measured for each incremental height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WF was correlated with LD in air, which was related to RH as per Equation (1). For measuring the hydraulic conductivity of the pitcher wall ( Figure 3) the rate of fall in the head was measured with time (Abu-Zreig et al, 2006). The pitchers were initially saturated for 72 h before measurements.…”

Section: Ld Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Abu‐Zreig et al . () showed a linear correlation between pan evaporation rate ( E p ) ( E p is related to MD) and seepage rate (WF) from a clay pitcher in air with controlled humidity. Such a correlation was obtained for pitchers with high hydraulic conductivity ( K s ) and those having low hydraulic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Controlling Water Delivery by Pitcher Irrigation

Vasudevan

Thapliyal

Tandon

et al. 2013

Irrigation and Drainage

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Pitcher irrigation is particularly useful for horticulture in arid zones. It is of interest to see the correlation of water flow (WF) through the pitcher wall into air, water, and soil with the moisture deficit in air (MD). The pattern of WF into the three media was studied for four pitchers filled with water up to the neck, under natural atmospheric conditions and under hydraulic head (HH). WF without HH was in the order air > soil > water, the amount being negligible in water. WF under HH was also in the same order, but with a significant increase in WF. In all cases WF correlated linearly to level of dryness of the air. Hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for all the pitchers also varied in the order air > soil > water. Ks in water was independent of MD, whereas Ks in soil and air increased with MD. Thus total WF through capillary pores of the pot is due to pressure of hydraulic head only when WF is into the water medium. In air and soil there is an additional WF due to the MD in the medium. This is seen as a negative pressure or an equivalent negative hydraulic head. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ld Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Controlling Water Delivery by Pitcher Irrigation

Vasudevan

Thapliyal

Tandon

et al. 2013

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…He also notes that empty pots can be used to drain saturated soils. Abu-Zreig et al (2006) describe laboratory tests of the auto-regulatory performance of two groups of pitchers, those with high and low hydraulic conductivity, and confirms their differing seepage rates under various evaporation conditions. Tesfaye et al (2011) found that clay pot irrigation with nitrogen fertilization of tomato plants in Ethiopia is far more productive and water-efficient than furrow irrigation.…”

Section: Clay Pot or Pitcher Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review paper on ‘Garden Kits’ in Africa: lessons learned and the potential of improved water management

Merrey¹,

Langan²

2014

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162 Working PapersThe publications in this series record the work and thinking of IWMI researchers, and knowledge that the Institute's scientific management feels is worthy of documenting. This series will ensure that scientific data and other information gathered or prepared as a part of the research work of the Institute are recorded and referenced. Working Papers could include project reports, case studies, conference or workshop proceedings, discussion papers or reports on progress of research, country-specific research reports, monographs, etc. Working Papers may be copublished, by IWMI and partner organizations.Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Each report is reviewed internally by IWMI staff. The reports are published and distributed both in hard copy and electronically (www.iwmi.org) and where possible all data and analyses will be available as separate downloadable files. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. About IWMIIWMI's mission is to provide evidence-based solutions to sustainably manage water and land resources for food security, people's livelihoods and the environment. IWMI works in partnership with governments, civil society and the private sector to develop scalable agricultural water management solutions that have a tangible impact on poverty reduction, food security and ecosystem health.

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“…Pitcher irrigation is a low cost and simple method with high potential of water saving (Abu-Zreig et al 2006). Combination of pitcher irrigation with treated wastewater resource could be an efficient system to reduce total dissolved elements and treat municipal and industrial wastewater (Najafi et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal elimination from industrial wastewater using natural substrate on pitcher irrigation

Najafi

Asgari

Samadi

2016

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Combination of pitcher irrigation with drip irrigation system could be resulted in prolonging the secondary treatment period, as it could be an efficient system in which municipal and industrial wastewater can be treated and heavy metals can be reduced. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted with three treatments [clay pitcher included natural zeolite Clinoptilolite (NZ), perlite (P) and vermiculite (V)] which filled half of the volume of a clay pitcher with five replications for each treatments. Beside each tree, one pitcher was placed at 50 cm depth. The soil of each hole was initially sampled, sealed, and transported to the laboratory. The pitchers were irrigated with treated industrial wastewater (from steel factory) 60 times (1500 cc per each irrigation event) over a period of six months. At the end of experiment period, the pitchers were removed and samples were taken from the substrate inside each pitcher and from the soil near the walls and bottoms of the holes. The sealed samples were transported to the laboratory for analyzing heavy metals (Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Zn) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the used substrates in this experiment have high ability to absorb some heavy metals, especially Pb and Zn which concentration were increased in final value 75 and 80 times compared with initial values, respectively. However, an increase of these two elements in the soil (Zn = 26 and Pb = 71 ppm) nearby the pitcher indicate that the used substrates have limitations in absorption capacity for the heavy metals in high concentration of them in the wastewater. As this is related to their surface area, application of a nano form of the substrates such as nano zeolite might remarkably increase their cation exchange capacity and surface area.

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The auto-regulative capability of pitcher irrigation system

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Factors Controlling Water Delivery by Pitcher Irrigation

Factors Controlling Water Delivery by Pitcher Irrigation

Review paper on ‘Garden Kits’ in Africa: lessons learned and the potential of improved water management

Heavy metal elimination from industrial wastewater using natural substrate on pitcher irrigation

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