The autoregulation of the heart work by the coronary perfusion pressure

Arnold, G.; Morgenstern, C.; Lochner, W.

doi:10.1007/bf00594121

Cited by 62 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This point is also illustrated in Fig. 4 of the present study, where we plotted coronary vascular conductance against myocardial oxygen consumption, which was increased by two methods, (a) increased heart rate and (b) increased perfusion pressure (presumably by increasing ventricular volume by an erectile mechanism) (Salisbury, Cross & Rieken, 1960;Cross, Rieken & Salisbury, 1961;Arnold, Losche, Miessner, Neitzort & Lochner, 1968;Arnold, Morgenstern & Lochner, 1970). It was found that under conditions of increased heart rate, coronary vascular conductance had a positive relationship to metabolic rate, as has been well studied by others (Mohrman & Feigl, 1978).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundsupporting

confidence: 71%

Oxygen and coronary vascular resistance during autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation in the dog.

Drake-Holland¹,

Laird²,

Noble³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The hypothesis that tissue oxygen tension controls coronary vascular resistance during changes in perfusion pressure and oxygen consumption was expressed in a simplified mathematical form capable of making quantitative predictions.2. The predictive value of this formulation of the hypothesis was tested in experiments on anaesthetized mongrel dogs subjected to constant-pressure perfusion of the left main coronary artery, with measurements of coronary blood flow and arterio-venous oxygen content differences. Coronary venous oxygen content was used as an index of tissue oxygenation. t 3. The responses of coronary blood flow and arterio-venous oxygen content difference, made over a range of perfusion pressures (which caused autoregulation) and heart rates (which caused metabolic regulation) were predicted qualitatively by the model. 4. Coronary vascular conductance was positively related to metabolic rate only during metabolic regulation (heart rate changes); during autoregulation the relationship between these two variables was inverse.5. Coronary vascular conductance and resistance values taken from both interventions (both perfusion pressure and heart rate variations) were closely related to coronary venous oxygen content and calculated Po2.6. These findings suggest that further examination of oxygen tension, as the controller of the coronary vascular bed under physiological conditions should be considered.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundsupporting

confidence: 71%

Oxygen and coronary vascular resistance during autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation in the dog.

Drake-Holland¹,

Laird²,

Noble³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Physiology

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“…While Wallace et al (1963) and Wildenthal et al (1969) reported a marked effect of acute pressure elevation between two heart beats on the inotropic properties of the heart in the subsequent heart beats, this influence is negated by Schaper et al (1965). In the steady-state phase after an afterload alteration, Schaper et al (1965) and Arnold et al (1970) found a considerable change in the contractile performance of ventricular myocardium while Mahler et al (1975), Ilebeck et al (1976) and Elzinga et al (1977) deny such influence. In the intact animal, it is difficult to maintain enddiastolic pressure exactly constant during changes in aortic pressure and thus to be able to separate the effect of an aortic pressure elevation per se from the influence of a concurrent increase in enddiastolic pressure.…”

Section: H D Schmidt and R D Scheermentioning

confidence: 82%

Quantitative data on the afterload dependence of left ventricular dP/dtmax in isolated canine hearts

Schmidt

Scheer

1981

Basic Res Cardiol

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In 15 canine heart-lung preparations the effect of an increase in aortic pressure on left ventricular dP/dtmax was tested. Abrupt elevation of aortic pressure by 20-80 mm Hg during diastole without change in enddiastolic pressure did not influence left ventricular dP/dtmax in the following heart beat. Left ventricular circumference increased slightly. Stepwise elevation of aortic pressure from 60 to 130 mm Hg (LVEDP maintained constant) resulted in an augmentation of the steady-state values of dP/dtmax by only 42 mmHg/s per 10 mmHg pressure rise. If the enddiastolic pressure was not maintained constant, the increase in dP/dtmax was 77 mm Hg/s per 10 mm Hg pressure rise. Aortic pressure alterations exhibit a slight but significant influence on left ventricular contractility in the steady-state phase, while an acute effect is not detectable, thus demonstrating that a sudden increase in coronary perfusion pressure is without immediate effect on the cardiac performance.

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“…biochemical reaction velocity, fluid velocity, pressure and temperature), averaged over appropriate sampling times (35) as indicated by I~M below (eqs. 2,3,4). They are hereafter referred to as biochemical and gravitational energy input, mechanical power and heat production.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…mechanical power and heat production) with their unique relationship to pressure, fluid flow and temperature have, however, not yet been measured simultaneously in dynamic equilibrium to further elucidate the biochemical theories. Methods of measuring the mechanical power are readily available and some correlations between mechanical and biochemical energy components have been established (2,11,13,23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of heat production, mechanical power, and oxygen consumption of the isolated working rat heart

1985

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The article describes a method for monitoring the total energy output and oxygen uptake of isolated perfused rat hearts with working left ventricles. Twenty-two unpaced hearts (rates 4-4.5 bs-1) were separately investigated inside a flow micro-calorimeter (one minute for 90% thermal response) at 37 degrees C. They pumped fluid into an artificial arterial system with adjustable linear peripheral resistance and variable volume compliance. After about 20-40 minutes a steady state period was achieved and most of the hearts continued to operate in this state for a further 40-100 minutes. In the steady state the outputs were in the ranges of 30-50 mJ s-1g-1 mechanical power (per gram tissue dry weight) and 100-300 mJ s-1g-1 heat production at an oxygen uptake of between 0.01 and 0.02 cm3 O2 s-1g-1. This resulted in approximately constant cardiac outputs between 2 and 4 cm3 s-1g-1 aortic and coronary fluid and stable mechanical efficiencies between 12 and 20%. The energy balance in steady state under a number of defined arterial loads was also analyzed. The hearts attained reproducible maxima of mechanical efficiency at specific loads. Methods to allocate reference points in the energy scheme are discussed. The yield of biochemical energy from the perfusion fluid (utilized for contraction and heat production) was (on average) 21 J per cm3 oxygen consumption (energy equivalent of oxygen). No obvious correlation between this value and the mechanical efficiency was evident.

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The autoregulation of the heart work by the coronary perfusion pressure

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Oxygen and coronary vascular resistance during autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation in the dog.

Oxygen and coronary vascular resistance during autoregulation and metabolic vasodilation in the dog.

Quantitative data on the afterload dependence of left ventricular dP/dtmax in isolated canine hearts

The measurement of heat production, mechanical power, and oxygen consumption of the isolated working rat heart

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