2017
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3768-9
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The availability of water associated with glycogen during dehydration: a reservoir or raindrop?

Abstract: PurposeThis study evaluated whether glycogen-associated water is a protected entity not subject to normal osmotic homeostasis. An investigation into practical and theoretical aspects of the functionality of this water as a determinant of osmolality, dehydration, and glycogen concentration was undertaken.MethodsIn vitro experiments were conducted to determine the intrinsic osmolality of glycogen–potassium phosphate mixtures as would be found intra-cellularly at glycogen concentrations of 2% for muscle and 5 and… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Resting muscle glycogen levels with a mixed (normal) diet are ~ 130mmol/kg muscle (wet weight) in trained individuals (a bit higher than sedentary subjects) [ 23 ], or roughly 23 g of glycogen (glucosyl units) per kilogram of muscle tissue. Muscle glycogen is organized in the cell in subcellular fractions [ 24 ] and stored as a glycogen-glycogenin complex (“granule”) [ 25 ] which creates an osmotic effect of pulling water into the cell as glycogen is stored [ 26 , 27 ], thereby increasing muscle cell volume. Early research suggested that each gram of muscle glycogen stored is accompanied by approximately 3–4 g of intracellular water [ 28 ].…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Resting muscle glycogen levels with a mixed (normal) diet are ~ 130mmol/kg muscle (wet weight) in trained individuals (a bit higher than sedentary subjects) [ 23 ], or roughly 23 g of glycogen (glucosyl units) per kilogram of muscle tissue. Muscle glycogen is organized in the cell in subcellular fractions [ 24 ] and stored as a glycogen-glycogenin complex (“granule”) [ 25 ] which creates an osmotic effect of pulling water into the cell as glycogen is stored [ 26 , 27 ], thereby increasing muscle cell volume. Early research suggested that each gram of muscle glycogen stored is accompanied by approximately 3–4 g of intracellular water [ 28 ].…”
Section: Main Textmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In biology, glycogen is a key regulator of blood glucose homeostasis and cellular hydration and is part of a constant cycle of synthesis and degradation depending on the metabolic state of the tissue. In mammals, the liver and skeletal muscle are the two major deposits of glycogen, constituting ≈5–10% and ≈2% of the hydrated weight of the organs, respectively. Other organs, including the heart and brain, also produce the polysaccharide but to a lesser extent.…”
Section: Glycogen In Biologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This strategy is posited to cause polyuria in the days approaching the contest, thus reducing total body water (TBW) [2,6,8]. Moreover, the supercompensation of glycogen theoretically causes an osmotic effect that pulls the subcutaneous extracellular water (ECW) into the muscles [8], maximizing muscle volume on contest day by increasing the intracellular water (ICW) [8][9][10][11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, improvements in muscular aesthetics in a photo silhouette evaluation were observed only in those who followed such a peaking strategy [6]. However, despite speculation that an increase in muscle size due to carbohydrate refeeding might indicate an increase in intracellular water (ICW) [10,11], the effect on ECW is not known, nor is it known whether an ECW-to-ICW shift occurs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%