The Average African American Male Face

Porter, Jennifer Parker

doi:10.1001/archfaci.6.2.78

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An acute nasolabial angle (83.1 0 ) has also been reported among the African American man [7]. Reksodiputro et al [6] also recorded a smaller nasolabial angle (92.81 0 ) among the Javanese female than in the white women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Facial Aesthetic Angles of the Ibo and Yoruba Ethnic Groups of Nigeria

Eliakim-Ikechukwu¹

2013

IOSR-JPBS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Facial Aesthetic Angles of the Ibo and Yoruba Ethnic Groups of Nigeria

Eliakim-Ikechukwu¹

2013

IOSR-JPBS

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“…Several works 10,[14][15][16][17][18]22 have anthropometrically analyzed facial features of different populations. However, discussions between those studies and the present work are somewhat difficult to make due to the notable genotypic (and thereby phenotypic) variation between races.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average of these measurements from facial 3D images represents the facial morphology of soft tissue from adults and can be used to assist with diagnoses and the treatment regimens of patients from different countries, as it shows population's singularities and soft tissue structures 10 . Several studies have, in fact, also aimed at creating facial profiles of different racial groups [14][15][16][17][18][19] . In Brazil, such mapping of facial profiles has not been conducted, and stereophotogrammetry techniques could certainly provide accurate measurements of the populations' facial traits for comparison between the country's different regions as well as to other international studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Júnior

Magri

Melchior

et al. 2016

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: Antropometria é a ciência responsável por medir o peso, tamanho e proporções do corpo humano, fornecendo informações objetivas e confiáveis para caracterizar variações e dismorfismos fenotípicos. Entre os novos métodos de análise facial, a técnica da estereofotogrametria tem mostrado excelentes resultados devido o uso de um grupo de câmeras capazes de fotografar sujeitos em múltiplos ângulos. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) analisar o perfil facial de um grupo de jovens adultos saudáveis brasileiros, entre 18 e 30 anos, (2) definir valores comuns entre os sujeitos, (3) criar uma base de dados de medidas faciais de uma porção desta população jovem adulta de brasileiros para ser utilizada em trabalhos futuros, e (4) testar a precisão e repetibilidade do equipamento Vectra M3  . Material e método: Sessenta jovens adultos brasileiros participaram deste estudo, 30 homens e 30 mulheres. Pontos de referência craniométricos temporários foram realizados em tecido mole, e estes sujeitos foram fotografados pela técnica da estereofotogrametria. Trinta pontos de referência foram usados para realizar as medições (em mm) de 35 distâncias. A repetibilidade do equipamento foi testada em 20% da amostra (12 sujeitos). Resultado: Os valores entre a primeira e a segunda aquisição foram estatisticamente (p<0,05) similares para todas as 35 distancias analisadas. Os achados possibilitaram a criação de um banco de dados confiável contendo distâncias de uma porção da população jovem adulta saudável brasileira. Além disso, as distâncias Tr-N, N-Sn, Ls-Sto, Sto-Li, En[r]-En[l] e Prn-Sn não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre o grupo de homens (GM) e o grupo de mulheres (GW), enquanto as outras 29 distâncias foram significativamente maiores em GM. Conclusão: A técnica e os métodos empregados neste estudo possibilitaram análise objetiva do perfil facial de um grupo de jovens adultos saudáveis brasileiros, e o equipamento Vectra M3  mostrou alto nível de precisão e reprodutibilidade.Descritores: Estereofotogrametria; antropometria; face; população brasileira. AbstractIntroduction: Anthropometry is the science responsible for measuring the weight, size, and proportions of the human body, providing valuable and objective insights into how to characterize phenotypic variation and dysmorphology. Among the newer methods for facial analysis, the stereophotogrammetry technique has shown excellent results given its use of a group of fast cameras that photograph subjects from multiple angles. Objective: The aims of the present study were: (1) to analyze the facial profile of a group of healthy young Brazilian adults, between 18 and 30 years of age, (2) to define common facial values among the subjects, (3) to create a database of facial measurements of a portion of this young healthy Brazilian population to be used in future works, and (4) to test the precision and repeatability of the Vectra M3  equipment. Material and method: Sixty healthy young Brazilian adults participated in the study, 30 males and 30 femal...

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“…11 Standard anthropometric measurements are still being used to estimate differences between the faces of different de- scents. 13 A ''mega project'' using standard anthropometric measurements showed that establishment of facial databases for various ethnic groups/races is essential. 14 Furthermore, it was shown that 3D imaging with laser scanning devices can be used reliably and with great accuracy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Morphology of Slovenian and Welsh White Populations Using 3-Dimensional Imaging

Bozic

Kau

Richmond

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To use 3-dimensional (3D) facial averages to test the hypothesis that the facial morphologies of 2 European white groups (Slovenia and Wales) have no differences. Methods: Fifty males and 50 females from Wales and 43 males and 44 females from Slovenia were included in the study. Subjects ranged from 18 to 30 years of age. Four subgroups were formed: Slovenian males (SM), Slovenian females (SF), Welsh males (WM), and Welsh females (WF). 3D data were acquired using a laser scanning system. An average face for each subgroup was obtained using a previously validated mathematical algorithm. Facial differences were quantified after average faces had been superimposed using a previously validated method. Results: A total of 187 subjects from Slovenia and Wales formed 4 gender-specific subgroups. Absolute differences between subgroups ranged from 0.36 mm to 1.51 mm. The mean linear facial difference between SF and WF was 0.64 Ϯ 0.51 mm, and between SM and WM was 0.36 Ϯ 0.41 mm. Similarities between subgroups ranged from 13.43% (SF, WF) to 70.23% (SM, WM). Slovenian males and females tend to express Class III facial morphology when compared with the Welsh gender-specific subgroups. Male faces, in general, have more pronounced nasal, brow, and frontal regions and mandibles when compared with females. Female faces have more prominent malar and periocular areas. Conclusion:The hypothesis is rejected. Morphologic differences exist between Slovenian and Welsh faces. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79:640-645.)

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The Average African American Male Face

Cited by 105 publications

References 11 publications

Facial Aesthetic Angles of the Ibo and Yoruba Ethnic Groups of Nigeria

Facial Aesthetic Angles of the Ibo and Yoruba Ethnic Groups of Nigeria

Facial anthropometric analysis of a healthy group of young Brazilian adults by means of stereophotogrammetry technique

Facial Morphology of Slovenian and Welsh White Populations Using 3-Dimensional Imaging

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