The avian influenza A virus receptor SA-α2,3-Gal is expressed in the porcine nasal mucosa sustaining the pig as a mixing vessel for new influenza viruses

Kristensen, Charlotte; Larsen, Lars E.; Trebbien, Ramona; Jensen, Henrik E.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199304

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This pattern is the opposite to what we found in the mammary gland. The lack of expression of the human receptor in the upper respiratory tract of cattle contrasts with findings in humans 25,28 and swine 22,25 and supports the perception that bovines are highly resistant to infection with influenza A viruses of human and swine origin when exposed by the respiratory route 1,29 . In the lung alveolar cells, however, all three receptors were abundantly expressed, similar to what has been found in pigs and humans 22,25,28 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The lack of expression of the human receptor in the upper respiratory tract of cattle contrasts with findings in humans 25,28 and swine 22,25 and supports the perception that bovines are highly resistant to infection with influenza A viruses of human and swine origin when exposed by the respiratory route 1,29 . In the lung alveolar cells, however, all three receptors were abundantly expressed, similar to what has been found in pigs and humans 22,25,28 . Isolated primary respiratory cells from the nasal turbinates, soft palate, and tracheal tissues of cattle had an IAV receptor distribution that corresponds to the findings of our study 16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Detection of SA-α2,6 was performed using biotinylated SNA (B-1305-2, Vector Laboratories, California, USA) and detection of SA-α2,3 was performed using biotinylated MAA-1 (B-1315-2, Vector Laboratories) and biotinylated MAA-2 (B-1265-1, Vector Laboratories) as previously described 22 . The staining on the surface of the cells was evaluated as follows: -: no staining observed, 1: present in <50% of the cells, and 2: present in >50% of the cells.…”

Section: Lectin Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian and human influenza A virus receptors sialic acid (SA)-α2,3 and SA-α2,6 are widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland

Kristensen,

Jensen,

Trebbien

et al. 2024

Preprint

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An outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza A virus (HPIAV) has been detected in dairy cows in the United States. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded, RNA virus that has not previously been associated with widespread infection in cattle. As such, cattle are an extremely under-studied domestic IAV host species. IAV receptors on host cells are sialic acids (SAs) that are bound to galactose in either an α2,3 or α2,6 linkage. Human IAVs preferentially bind SA-α2,6 (human receptor), whereas avian IAVs have a preference for α2,3 (avian receptor). The avian receptor can further be divided into two receptors: IAVs isolated from chickens generally bind more tightly to SA-α2,3-Gal-β1,4 (chicken receptor), whereas IAVs isolated from duck to SA-α2,3-Gal-β1,3 (duck receptor). We found all receptors were expressed, to a different degree, in the mammary gland, respiratory tract, and cerebrum of beef and/or dairy cattle. The duck and human IAV receptors were widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland, whereas the chicken receptor dominated the respiratory tract. In general, only a low expression of IAV receptors was observed in the neurons of the cerebrum. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for the high levels of H5N1 virus reported in infected bovine milk and show cattle have the potential to act as a mixing vessel for novel IAV generation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Lectin Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The avian and human influenza A virus receptors sialic acid (SA)-α2,3 and SA-α2,6 are widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland

Kristensen,

Jensen,

Trebbien

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…High levels of the H5N1 virus were detected in the raw milk of sick dairy cows which suggests that the virus can replicate efficiently in dairy cow mammary glands. Recently, Kristensen et al reported that both human-type receptors and aviantype receptors are widely expressed in cattle mammary glands [17], which provides new insights into the HPAI H5N1 tropism in cow mammary glands.…”

Section: Recent Bovine Influenza a Virus Outbreak In Domestic Ruminan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Gao,

Sreenivasan,

Feng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Cattle are susceptible to influenza D infection and serve as a reservoir for this seven-segmented influenza virus. It is generally thought that bovines are not a host of other types of influenza viruses including type A. This long-standing viewpoint has been challenged by the recent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in dairy cows in the United States. To date, HPAI H5N1 has spread into nine states affecting 49 dairy herds and causing clinical symptoms including reduced appetite, fever, and a sudden drop in milk production. This review article describes the current epidemiological landscape of HPAI H5N1 in U.S. dairy cows and the recent interspecies transmission events of HPAI H5N1 in other mammals reported in other countries. The review also discusses adaptation mutations of HPAI H5N1 to mammalian hosts and vaccination strategies. Finally, it summarizes some immediate questions that need to be addressed towards a better understanding of infection biology, transmission, and immune response of HPAI H5N1 in bovines.

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Genetic evolution, phylodynamic and phylogeographic of H5Ny AIVs in mammals

Sun,

Pang,

Mai

et al. 2024

Animals and Zoonoses

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The avian influenza A virus receptor SA-α2,3-Gal is expressed in the porcine nasal mucosa sustaining the pig as a mixing vessel for new influenza viruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

The avian and human influenza A virus receptors sialic acid (SA)-α2,3 and SA-α2,6 are widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland

The avian and human influenza A virus receptors sialic acid (SA)-α2,3 and SA-α2,6 are widely expressed in the bovine mammary gland

Cross-Species Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Virus in the U.S. Dairy Cattle: A Comprehensive Review

Genetic evolution, phylodynamic and phylogeographic of H5Ny AIVs in mammals

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