The Avoided Target: The Ceratitis capitata Cellular Encapsulation Response

Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae irradiated at higher doses improve the rearing of two species of native parasitoids

“…When using radiation on C. capitata larvae, another case of a new association with D. longicaudata , the doses used to prevent the host emergence evidently cause an increment in the parasitism level (Suárez et al, 2019; Viscarret et al., 2012). Larval immune responses may well be faster and efficient so that they can even encapsulate the host (Sorrentino, 2016), but the process may be more sensitive to radiation. The situation is different for the other native parasitoid species, with which A. ludens has an evolutionary development of coexistence (López et al., 1999; Ovruski et al., 2000).…”

“…The most evident case in fruit fly parasitoids is the significantly better emergence of the larval‐pre‐pupal Southeast Asian‐native braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) when it develops on irradiated larva of the pestiferous Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) irradiated larvae (Gil, 2003; Suárez et al, 2019; Valle, 2006). However, in the D. longicaudata – C. capitata relationship, a great capacity of host larvae to suppress the parasitoid development has been determined, to such an extent that it can encapsulate the parasitoid egg (Sorrentino, 2016). Additionally, D. longicaudata can transmit entomopoxvirus at the moment of oviposition, a fact that affects the function of host immunological reactions (Lawrence, 2002, 2005).…”