The axis of rotation of the ankle joint

Lundberg, Arne; Svensson, O K; Németh, Gunnar; Selvik, Göran

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.71b1.2915016

Cited by 235 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Kinematics of the ankle complex has been studied in the past [10,11] and while some models describe its motion as purely rotational [12][13][14][15], others consider foot motions to be a consequence of rotations about two hinge/revolute joints (biaxial) in series [16,17] [ [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Ankle complex kinematics have also been modelled using four-bar linkages and spatial parallel mechanisms [15,25].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript > Replace This Line Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(8) (9) (10) (11) Here is the deflection along single spring, whereas is the effective elongation produced in the spring-dashpot unit. The dashpot is assumed to be having a linear elongation ( ) with as its damping coefficient.…”

Section: B Characterization Of Musculoskeletal Elements Of the Anklementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above quasi-linear model was linearized by applying these equations at a reference displacement (10% strain level) and subsequently spring and dashpot functions ( ) were obtained and used in (8)(9)(10)(11). Apparently, the ligament force increases exponentially with the strain and at higher values, small increment in strain may result in very high force values which should be avoided looking to the fibre strength of ligaments.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript > Replace This Line Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musculoskeletal modelling of human ankle complex: Estimation of ankle joint moments

Jamwal

Hussain

Tsoi³

et al. 2017

Clinical Biomechanics

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Word Count Abstract: 227 Word Count Main Text: 4328 Abstract-Background: A musculoskeletal model for the ankle complex is vital in order to enhance the understanding of neuro-mechanical control of ankle motions, diagnose ankle disorders and assess subsequent treatments. Motions at the human ankle and foot, however, are complex due to simultaneous movements at the two joints namely, the ankle joint and the subtalar joint. The musculoskeletal elements at the ankle complex, such as ligaments, muscles and tendons, have intricate arrangements and exhibit transient and nonlinear behaviour.Methods: This paper develops a musculoskeletal model of the ankle complex considering the biaxial ankle structure. The model provides estimates of overall mechanical characteristics (motion and moments) of ankle complex through consideration of forces applied along ligaments and muscle-tendon units. The dynamics of the ankle complex and its surrounding ligaments and muscle-tendon units is modelled and formulated into a state space model to facilitate simulations. A graphical user interface is also developed during this research in order to include the visual anatomical information by converting it to quantitative information on coordinates.Findings: Validation of the ankle model was carried out by comparing its outputs with those published in literature as well as with experimental data obtained from an existing parallel ankle rehabilitation robot.Interpretation: Qualitative agreement was observed between the model and measured data for both, the passive and active ankle motions during trials in terms of displacements and moments.

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Section: Accepted Manuscript > Replace This Line Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Characterization Of Musculoskeletal Elements Of the Anklementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscript > Replace This Line Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musculoskeletal modelling of human ankle complex: Estimation of ankle joint moments

Jamwal

Hussain

Tsoi³

et al. 2017

Clinical Biomechanics

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“…Some individuals have fairly vertical calcanei during stance in the presence of midfoot pronation. Lundberg et al 13 found that during foot pronation, the largest amount of motion occurred in the talonavicular joint, followed by the talocalcaneal joint. The correlation between relaxed rearfoot angle and navicular drop in the entire group of subjects was r = 0.43 (P = .002), where 19% of the variance could be explained between the 2 variables.…”

Section: 810mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Forefoot, Midfoot, and Rearfoot Static Alignment in Pain-Free Individuals

Buchanan¹,

Davis²

2005

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Correlational study. Objectives: To determine whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between forefoot angle and weight-bearing midfoot and rearfoot position. Background: There have been conflicting reports with regard to the degree to which the structure of the foot may influence the function. The influence of forefoot structure on weight-bearing midfoot and rearfoot position has not been extensively investigated. Methods and Measures: Fifty-one healthy subjects participated in this study (26 male and 25 female). Forefoot angle was measured in prone as varus (positive numbers), neutral (0), or valgus (negative numbers). Navicular drop was measured from subtalar joint neutral to unilateral standing relaxed. Rearfoot angle was measured in relaxed single-limb stance as the angle between a line that bisected the calcaneus and a line that bisected the lower third of the leg. The relationships between forefoot angle and navicular drop, and between forefoot angle and relaxed rearfoot angle, were investigated. The same relationships were also investigated in the neutral forefoot subgroup when the sample was divided in 3 subgroups based on 1 standard deviation of forefoot angle. Results: There is a significant relationship between forefoot angle and relaxed rearfoot angle (r = 0.52, PϽ.001), as well as between forefoot angle and navicular drop (r = 0.55, PϽ.001), in the whole sample (n = 51). Average degrees of forefoot angle in the neutral subgroup (between 1.0°a nd 8°of varus) are not associated with predictable positions of relaxed rearfoot angle (r = 0.19, P = .24) or navicular drop (r = 0.01, P = .96). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, there is a significant relationship between forefoot angle and relaxed rearfoot angle, as well as between forefoot angle and navicular drop, in healthy subjects. These relationships were not found when forefoot varus values were within a standard deviation of the sample mean. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005;35:559-566.

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“…The axis of rotation of the ankle, assumed to cross the tip of the malleoli in the neutral dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion joint position, 28 was aligned as closely as NS [8] PS [8] NS [8] PS [8] NS [8] possible with the axis of rotation of the torque recorder. Then, subjects were asked to perform five maximal voluntary isometric contractions of 5 s duration in plantar flexion and dorsiflexion and bilaterally.…”

Section: Torque Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower leg muscle atrophy in ankle osteoarthritis

et al. 2006

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The aim of this study was to determine changes in the lower leg muscles associated with ankle osteoarthritis. Fifteen unilateral ankle osteoarthritis patients and fifteen age-gender-matched normal subjects were assessed with clinical [osteoarthritis latency time, pain, alignment, AOFAS ankle score, ankle range of motion (ROM), calf circumference], radiological (ankle osteoarthritis grading), and muscular-physiological parameters [isometric maximal voluntary ankle torque, surface electromyography of the anterior tibial (AT), medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SO), and peroneus longus (PL) muscle]. The osteoarthritis patients had increased pain (6.8 points) and reduced AOFAS score (33.7 points) compared to the control group. Compared to the contralateral healthy leg, the arthritic leg showed reduced mean dorsi-/plantar flexion ROM (16.08), reduced mean calf circumference (2.1 cm), smaller mean dorsiflexion (16.4 Nm) and plantar flexion (15.8 Nm) torques, lower mean electromyography frequency for all muscles (AT À22.6 Hz; MG À27.3 Hz; SO À25.9 Hz; PL À28.5 Hz), and lower mean electromyography intensity in the AT [À28.0 Â 10 3 (mv) 2 ], MG [À13.3 Â 10 3 (mv) 2 ], and PL [À12.8 Â 10 3 (mv) 2 ]. SO mean electromyography intensity was not significantly changed [þ2.0 Â 10 3 (mv) 2 ]. Unilateral ankle osteoarthritis is associated with atrophic changes of the lower leg muscles. This study supports previous observations on muscle dysfunction in knee osteoarthritis. ß

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The axis of rotation of the ankle joint

Cited by 235 publications

References 7 publications

Musculoskeletal modelling of human ankle complex: Estimation of ankle joint moments

Musculoskeletal modelling of human ankle complex: Estimation of ankle joint moments

The Relationship Between Forefoot, Midfoot, and Rearfoot Static Alignment in Pain-Free Individuals

Lower leg muscle atrophy in ankle osteoarthritis

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