The B-chromosomes of Locusta migratoria I. Detection of negative correlation between mean chiasma frequency and the rate of accumulation of the B's; a reanalysis of the available data about the transmission of these B-chromosomes

Cabrero, J.; Viseras, E.; Camacho, Juan Pedro M.

doi:10.1007/bf00115339

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…plorans and a maximum mean number of 4.41 Bs has been observed in L. migratoria [Cabrero et al 1984].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B chromosomes in all regions have been shown to be mitotically unstable due to embryo mitosis non-disjunction; thus, variation in B number is observed between cells within individuals [Nur, 1969;Cabrero et al, 1984;Viseras et al, 1990;Pardo et al, 1994Pardo et al, , 1995. These Bs have also the peculiarity of showing drive through both sexes [Pardo et al, 1994].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The B chromosome system in Locusta migratoria is present in the whole geographical range of this species over most continents: Japan [Itoh, 1934;Nur, 1969;Kayano, 1971], China [Hsiang, 1958], Mali [Dearn, 1974], Australia [King and John, 1980] and Spain [Cabrero et al, 1984]. B chromosomes in all regions have been shown to be mitotically unstable due to embryo mitosis non-disjunction; thus, variation in B number is observed between cells within individuals [Nur, 1969;Cabrero et al, 1984;Viseras et al, 1990;Pardo et al, 1994Pardo et al, , 1995.…”

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confidence: 99%

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DNA Amount of X and B Chromosomes in the Grasshoppers Eyprepocnemis plorans and Locusta migratoria

Ruiz‐Ruano

Ruiz-Estévez

Rodriguez-Perez

et al. 2011

Cytogenet Genome Res

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We analyzed the DNA amount in X and B chromosomes of 2 XX/X0 grasshopper species (Eyprepocnemis plorans and Locusta migratoria), by means of Feulgen image analysis densitometry (FIAD), using previous estimates in L. migratoria as standard (5.89 pg). We first analyzed spermatids of 0B males and found a bimodal distribution of integrated optical densities (IODs), suggesting that one peak corresponded to +X and the other to –X spermatids. The difference between the 2 peaks corresponded to the X chromosome DNA amount, which was 1.28 pg in E. plorans and 0.80 pg in L. migratoria. In addition, the +X peak in E. plorans gave an estimate of the C-value in this species (10.39 pg). We next analyzed diplotene cells from 1B males in E. plorans and +B males in L. migratoria (a species where Bs are mitotically unstable and no integer B number can be defined for an individual) and measured B chromosome IOD relative to X chromosome IOD, within the same cell, taking advantage of the similar degree of condensation for both positively heteropycnotic chromosomes at this meiotic stage. From this proportion, we estimated the DNA amount for 3 different B chromosome variants found in individuals from 3 E. plorans Spanish populations (0.54 pg for B1 from Saladares, 0.51 pg for B2 from Salobreña and 0.64 for B24 from Torrox). Likewise, we estimated the DNA amount of the B chromosome in L. migratoria to be 0.15 pg. To automate measurements, we wrote a GPL3 licensed Python program (pyFIA). We discuss the utility of the present approach for estimating X and B chromosome DNA amount in a variety of situations, and the meaning of the DNA amount estimates for X and B chromosomes in these 2 species.

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“…plorans and a maximum mean number of 4.41 Bs has been observed in L. migratoria [Cabrero et al 1984].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA Amount of X and B Chromosomes in the Grasshoppers Eyprepocnemis plorans and Locusta migratoria

Ruiz‐Ruano

Ruiz-Estévez

Rodriguez-Perez

et al. 2011

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) harbours a very widespread B chromosome system being present in natural populations from all its geographical range: Japan (Itoh 1934;Nur 1969;Kayano 1971), China (Hsiang 1958), Mali (Dearn 1974), Australia (King and John 1980) and Spain (Cabrero et al 1984). These B chromosomes are mitotically unstable due to non-disjunction during embryonary mitoses, which constitutes a premeiotic drive mechanism in males of this species (Nur 1969;Cabrero et al 1984;Viseras et al 1990;Pardo et al 1994Pardo et al , 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

B chromosome ancestry revealed by histone genes in the migratory locust

et al. 2009

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In addition to the standard set of chromosomes (A), about 15% of eukaryote genomes carry B chromosomes. In most cases, B chromosomes behave as genomic parasites being detrimental for the individuals carrying them and prospering in natural populations because of transmission advantages (drive). B chromosomes are mostly made up of repetitive DNA sequences, especially ribosomal DNA (rDNA), satellite DNA and mobile elements. In only two cases have B chromosomes been shown to carry protein-coding genes. Although some B chromosomes seem to have derived from interspecific hybridisation, the most likely source of B chromosomes is the host genome itself, but the specific A chromosome being the B ancestor has not been identified in any B-containing species. Here, we provide strong evidence for B chromosome ancestry in the migratory locust, based on the location of genes for the H3 and H4 histones in the B chromosome and a single A chromosome pair (i.e. the eighth in order of decreasing size). The high DNA sequence similarity of A and B chromosome H3-H4 genes supports B-origin from chromosome 8. The higher variation shown by B sequences, compared to A sequences, suggests that B chromosome sequences are most likely inactive and thus less subjected to purifying selection. Estimates of time of divergence for histone genes from A and B chromosomes suggest that B chromosomes are quite old (>750,000 years), showing the B-chromosome ability to persist in natural populations for long periods of time.

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“…Most studies of B chromosomes in grasshoppers were performed in species from the family Acrididae, such as Euplectrotettix shultzi and E. conspersus [Vilardi, 1986a], E. plorans [Hewitt, 1979], Locusta migratoria [Cabrero et al, 1984;Teruel et al, 2009b], Rhammatocerus brasiliensis [Loreto et al, 2008], Abracris flavolineata [Bueno et al, 2013], and Dichroplus pratensis [Bidau and Martí, 2004]. However, in the family Romaleidae, B chromosomes are restricted to Zoniopoda tarsata [Vilardi, 1986b] and Xyleus discoideus angulatus [Souza and Kido, 1995;Loreto et al, 2008;Machado et al, 2014].…”

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B Chromosome Variants of the Grasshopper Xyleus discoideus angulatus Are Potentially Derived from Pericentromeric DNA

Bernardino

Cabral-de-Mello

Machado

et al. 2017

Cytogenet Genome Res

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B chromosomes, extra elements present in the karyotypes of some eukaryote species, have been described in the grasshopper Xyleus discoideus angulatus. Although some studies have proposed an autosomal origin of the B chromosome in X. d. angulatus, little is known about its repetitive DNA composition and evolutionary dynamics. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the B chromosome evolution in X. d. angulatus by cytogenetic analysis of 27 populations from Pernambuco and Ceará states (Brazil). The frequency of B chromosomes in the different populations was determined, and chromosome measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with C₀t-DNA and telomeric and B chromosome sequences were performed in cells from B-carrying individuals. The results revealed variations in B chromosome prevalence among the populations and showed that some B chromosomes were smaller in certain populations. FISH produced similar patterns for the C₀t-DNA probe in all hybridized individuals, whereas telomeric and B chromosome probes, obtained by microdissection, exhibited variations in their distribution. These results indicate the presence of 3 morphotypes of B chromosomes in X. d. angulatus, with variation in repetitive DNA composition during their evolution. In this species, B chromosomes have an intraspecific origin and probably arose from the pericentromeric region of A chromosomes.

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The B-chromosomes of Locusta migratoria I. Detection of negative correlation between mean chiasma frequency and the rate of accumulation of the B's; a reanalysis of the available data about the transmission of these B-chromosomes

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

DNA Amount of X and B Chromosomes in the Grasshoppers <i>Eyprepocnemis plorans</i> and <i>Locusta migratoria</i>

DNA Amount of X and B Chromosomes in the Grasshoppers <i>Eyprepocnemis plorans</i> and <i>Locusta migratoria</i>

B chromosome ancestry revealed by histone genes in the migratory locust

B Chromosome Variants of the Grasshopper <b><i>Xyleus discoideus angulatus</i></b> Are Potentially Derived from Pericentromeric DNA

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