Theβ-SiC Nanowires (~100 nm) Induce Apoptosis via Oxidative Stress in Mouse Osteoblastic Cell Line MC3T3-E1

Abstract

Silicon carbide (SiC), a compound of silicon and carbon, with chemical formula SiC, the beta modification (β-SiC), with a zinc blende crystal structure (similar to diamond), is formed at temperature below 1700°C. β-SiC will be the most suitable ceramic material for the future hard tissue replacement, such as bone and tooth. The in vitro cytotoxicity of β-SiC nanowires was investigated for the first time. Our results indicated that 100 nm long SiC nanowires could significantly induce the apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, compared with 100 μm long SiC nanowires. And 100 nm long SiC nanowires increased oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells, as determined by the concentrations of MDA (as a marker of lipid peroxidation) and 8-OHdG (indicator of oxidative DNA damage). Moreover, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to evaluate the morphological changes of MC3T3-E1 cells. After treatment with 100 nm long SiC nanowires, the mitochondria were swelled and disintegrated, and the production of ATP and the total oxygen uptake were also decreased significantly. Therefore, β-SiC nanowires may have limitations as medical material.

Investigation of the cytotoxicity of aluminum oxide nanoparticles and nanowires and their localization in L929 fibroblasts and RAW264 macrophages

“…When germanium NWs were applied to L929 cells, an increase in cell proliferation was recorded using MTT and WST‐1 assays and by quantifying the number of cells . In contrast, another report has demonstrated that β‐SiC NWs induce apoptosis due to oxidative stress in MC3T3‐E1 cells after 48 h exposure to NWs, even though their cell viability remains high after 24 h exposure (MTT assay) . In the present study, direct exposure of L929 cells to NWs yielded differing results for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.…”

“…14 In contrast, another report has demonstrated that b-SiC NWs induce apoptosis due to oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells after 48 h exposure to NWs, even though their cell viability remains high after 24 h exposure (MTT assay). 15 In the present study, direct exposure of L929 cells to NWs yielded differing results for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Therefore, further research is needed to examine and compare the various tests.…”

Effects of Chronic REM Sleep Restriction on D1Receptor and Related Signal Pathways in Rat Prefrontal Cortex

“…To assess the morphological changes, the ultrastructures of PFC in the two groups were observed under the transmission electron microscope according to the previous method [ 21 ]. We randomly examined 5 fields in each group.…”

A review on nanotoxicity and nanogenotoxicity of different shapes of nanomaterials

“…For instance, researchers using MTT and WST-1 assays to measure cell viability in L929 cells upon exposure to Ge NWs observed an increased cell proliferation, concluding that water-soluble wires were non-toxic and biocompatible (Bezuidenhout et al, 2014). However, another study demonstrated that β-silicon carbide (SiC) NWs might induce apoptosis through oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells after an incubation period of 48 h, although the cell viability remained relatively high after 24 h of exposure (MTT assay) (Xie et al, 2014). Mwangi et al (2011) reported acute toxicity to Hyalella Azteca for SiC NWs at 1 g/L after 48 h of exposure.…”