The bacterial and fungal microbiome of the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis and the impact of topical antimicrobial therapy, an exploratory study

Chermprapai, Suttiwee; Ederveen, Thomas H. A.; Broere, Femke; Broens, Els M.; Schlotter, Yvette M.; Schalkwijk, Saskia van; Boekhorst, Jos; Hijum, Sacha A. F. T. van; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.022

Cited by 59 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Differences encountered between studies may furthermore be due to different sampling and DNA extraction techniques. For instance, Torres and collaborators 31 shaved the sample area before swabbing, unlike in our study and the before mentioned ones 19,26,29,35 . Other factors that may influence the results are the DNA extraction technique, as well as the sequencing technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Impact of the early-life skin microbiota on the development of canine atopic dermatitis in a high-risk breed birth cohort

Rodriguez‐Campos

Rostaher

Zwickl

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease of dogs worldwide. Certain breeds such as the West Highland White Terriers (WHWT) are predisposed to suffer from CAD. Microbial dysbiosis is known to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease, which is similar to its human counterpart, atopic dermatitis (AD). To date, no large cohort-study has been conducted in a predisposed dog breed to study the impact of the early-life microbiota on the development of CAD, as well as the possible implication of factors such as hygiene and access to the outdoors. in this study skin samples of 143 WHWT, including 109 puppies up to three weeks old and 34 parent dogs, from 17 breeders, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 amplicon sequencing to disclose the bacterial and fungal oral and skin microbiota, respectively. The oral samples served as a control group to confirm differences between haired and mucosal surfaces. The cutaneous microbiota differed between sample sites and age of the dogs. The season of sampling, geographical origin as well as hygiene status of the household and the access to the outdoors shaped the skin microbiota of the puppies significantly. However, we found that the individual early-life microbiota did not predispose for the later development of CAD. Among the inflammatory skin diseases occurring in dogs, canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is prevalent with up to 10% of dogs affected worldwide 1,2. CAD is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features associated with IgE antibodies most commonly directed against environmental allergens 3. Across species, similarities in the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis have been observed and the disease is becoming more common 4. In contrast to humans who may develop respiratory signs, dogs usually remain in the cutaneous stage of the disease 5. Nevertheless, CAD is frequently discussed as a model for human atopic dermatitis (AD). AD has a strong genetic component 6 , but its occurrence seems to be increasing in recent years due to environmental factors 2. Among the discussions about protective and risk factors, the hygiene hypothesis 7 has been prominent for many years. It speculates that early microbial exposure reduces the risk for developing allergies and, consequently, the improvement of hygiene may explain a rise in allergic diseases. This hypothesis has been

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Impact of the early-life skin microbiota on the development of canine atopic dermatitis in a high-risk breed birth cohort

Rodriguez‐Campos

Rostaher

Zwickl

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In particular, pyoderma is a pyogenic infection that can affect epidermis and hair follicle units or dermis and subjacent fatty tissue. Atopic dermatitis is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease in which the skin microbiome may cause secondary infections that can influence its severity [1,2]. In both cases, Staphylococci are the most frequently involved agents: S. pseudointermedius is considered the primary canine cutaneous pathogen, but other Staphylococcus species may be found in skin infection, as well as Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

et al. 2020

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Staphylococcus spp. bacteria are the most frequently involved agents in canine cutaneous infections. Treatment of these infections is based on antibiotic therapy, that often is not effective because of the antibiotic-resistance of the bacterial strains. Cutaneous staphylococcal infections are often complicated by Malassezia yeasts, that may be resistant to the conventional antifungal drugs. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of some essential oils (EOs) in view of a potential cutaneous application. In detail, EOs obtained from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla L’Hèr. Britton), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), myrrh (Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. var. molmol), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), litsea (Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), savory (Satureja montana L.), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were assayed against Staphylococcus spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis strains previously isolated from dogs with dermatitis. All EOs were tested by agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods to verify the antistaphylococcal activity, and by a microdilution method to evaluate the activity against M. pachydermatis. O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana showed the best antibacterial activity against all the selected strains, with MICs ranging from 0.29 to 0.58 mg/mL, from 0.58 to 1.16 mg/mL, and from 0.56 to 1.12 mg/mL, respectively, whereas A. triphylla (1.03 mg/mL) and S. montana (1.8 mg/mL) were the most active against M. pachydermatis. After a proper in vivo evaluation, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris, and S. montana EOs could be a promising treatment to combat canine cutaneous mixed infections.

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“…These results indicate the chance of occurrence of atopy as an underlying factor for recurrent pyoderma. Maruti (2015), Sharma et al (2015), and Chermprapai et al (2019) also noticed a higher infection of Staphylococcus spp. in atopic dogs.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Secondary or Concurrent Infections in Skin of Atopic Dogs

Joseph

Patel

Tank

et al. 2019

IJVSBT

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In the present study, twenty atopic dogs were investigated for secondary skin infections using different diagnostic techniques. The majority of dogs were suffering from bacterial infections, especially Staphylococcal infection (90 %). Different commensals on skin like Staphylococcus spp., Aspergillus spp. (50 %), Malassezia spp. (45 %), Demodex spp. (25 %) etc. caused secondary or concurrent infections in many atopic dogs indicating the importance of atopy in recurrent or non-responding dermatitis with those commensal organisms.

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The bacterial and fungal microbiome of the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis and the impact of topical antimicrobial therapy, an exploratory study

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of the early-life skin microbiota on the development of canine atopic dermatitis in a high-risk breed birth cohort

Impact of the early-life skin microbiota on the development of canine atopic dermatitis in a high-risk breed birth cohort

Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus and Malassezia Strains Isolated from Canine Dermatitis

Secondary or Concurrent Infections in Skin of Atopic Dogs

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