The Bacterial Flora in Bottled Natural Mineral Water Sold in Italy

Massa, Salvatore; Fanelli, M. J.; Brienza, Monica; Sinigaglia, Milena

doi:10.1111/j.1745-4557.1998.tb00514.x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Natural mineral water is generally considered to be free from pathogenic organisms at the source; however, it does contain natural bacterial flora [ 212 , 213 ]. Regulations for the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) of natural mineral water often only require products to comply within 12 hours of bottling, however, previous research has shown HPC to increase after bottling [ 123 ]. Although the presence of HPC has not been associated with gastrointestinal illnesses, high counts can interfere with the detection of coliform bacteria using analytical methods that utilize lactose-based culture media [ 214 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fecal Contamination and Inadequate Treatment of Packaged Water

Williams¹,

Bain

Fisher³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundPackaged water products provide an increasingly important source of water for consumption. However, recent studies raise concerns over their safety.ObjectivesTo assess the microbial safety of packaged water, examine differences between regions, country incomes, packaged water types, and compare packaged water with other water sources.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles published in English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish, with no date restrictions were identified from online databases and two previous reviews. Studies published before April 2014 that assessed packaged water for the presence of Escherichia coli, thermotolerant or total coliforms were included provided they tested at least ten samples or brands.ResultsA total of 170 studies were included in the review. The majority of studies did not detect fecal indicator bacteria in packaged water (78/141). Compared to packaged water from upper-middle and high-income countries, packaged water from low and lower-middle-income countries was 4.6 (95% CI: 2.6–8.1) and 13.6 (95% CI: 6.9–26.7) times more likely to contain fecal indicator bacteria and total coliforms, respectively. Compared to all other packaged water types, water from small bottles was less likely to be contaminated with fecal indicator bacteria (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.17–0.58) and total coliforms (OR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.22). Packaged water was less likely to contain fecal indicator bacteria (OR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.62) compared to other water sources used for consumption.ConclusionsPolicymakers and regulators should recognize the potential benefits of packaged water in providing safer water for consumption at and away from home, especially for those who are otherwise unlikely to gain access to a reliable, safe water supply in the near future. To improve the quality of packaged water products they should be integrated into regulatory and monitoring frameworks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fecal Contamination and Inadequate Treatment of Packaged Water

Williams¹,

Bain

Fisher³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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“…There are several studies in the literature on the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in bottled mineral waters, but the data differ widely among various investigators. Values ranging from 0% to 11% are generally reported (Jayasekara, Heard, Cox, & Fleet, 1998;Manaia et al, 1990;Massa, Fanelli, Brienza, & Sinigaglia, 1998;Tsai & Yu, 1997;Venieri et al, 2006); however, Da Silva et al (2008) and Rivilla & González (1988) isolated P. aeruginosa from 58.4% and 37.5% of Brazilian and Spanish bottled mineral water samples, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Bacteriological quality of bottled natural mineral waters commercialized in Hungary

Varga

2011

Food Control

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a b s t r a c tThe purpose of the present study was to examine the bacteriological quality of bottled natural mineral waters sold in Hungary because, in recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in consumer demand for these products in the country. In total, 492 samples of domestic and imported brands of carbonated and non-carbonated mineral waters (246 samples each) were purchased from retail outlets, and were then screened for the presence of the following indicator and potentially pathogenic bacteria: spore-forming sulfite-reducing anaerobes (clostridia), total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) were also determined by incubation at 37 C for 24 h and at 22 C for 72 h. The data generated were compared to the reference criteria set by Directive 2009/54/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the exploitation and marketing of natural mineral waters. The results showed that 5.3% and 10.2% of the carbonated and non-carbonated mineral water samples tested, respectively, were positive for at least one of the specific indicator or potentially pathogenic bacteria. Overall, a total of 38 sample units (7.7%) failed to comply with the standards set by Directive 2009/54/EC. None of the samples were judged noncompliant with current regulations on the basis of the presence of HPC bacteria at levels reaching or exceeding the acceptability limit (i.e., 100 CFU/ml at 22 C or 20 CFU/ml at 37 C) because the analyses were not carried out within 12 h after bottling, as required by Directive 2009/54/EC. The findings of this study highlight the need for a more stringent self-control by some producers of mineral water. In addition, a more systematic surveillance by the official authorities of food control is also necessary.

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“…(2004)]; pseudomonads on Ps. selective agar (CM0559 and SR103, Oxoid Ltd), incubated at 35°C for 24 h [as described in the procedures of Massa et al. (1997) and UK NHS/NPHSW/HPA (2007)]; lactose fermenting coliforms and nonlactose fermenters (e.g., Shigella and Salm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pseudomonads on Ps. selective agar (CM0559 and SR103, Oxoid Ltd), incubated at 35°C for 24 h [as described in the procedures of Massa et al. (1997) and UK NHS/NPHSW/HPA (2007)];…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effect and shelf-life extension by combined thermal and pulsed electric field treatment of milk

Walkling-Ribeiro

Noci

Cronin

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The impact of a combined hurdle treatment of heat and pulsed electric fields (PEF) was studied on native microbiota used for the inoculation of low‐fat ultra‐high temperature (UHT) milk and whole raw milk. Microbiological shelf‐life of the latter following hurdle treatment or thermal pasteurization was also investigated. Methods and Results: UHT milk was preheated to 30°C, 40°C or 50°C over a 60‐s period, pulsed for 50 μs or 60 μs at a field strength of 40 kV cm−1 or for 33 μs at 50 kV cm−1. Heat and PEF reduced the microbial count by a maximum of 6·4 log in UHT milk (50°C; 50 kV cm−1, 33 μs) compared to 6·0 log (P ≥ 0·05) obtained by thermal pasteurization (26 s, 72°C). When raw milk was treated with a combination of hurdles (50°C; 40 kV cm−1, 60 μs) a 6·0 log inactivation of microbiota was achieved and microbiological milk shelf‐life was extended to 21 days under refrigeration (4°C) vs 14 days in thermally pasteurized milk. Native microbiota was decreased by 6·7 log following conventional pasteurization. Conclusions: The findings suggest that heat and PEF achieved similar inactivation of native microbiota in milk and longer stabilization of microbiological shelf‐life than thermal pasteurization. Significance and Impact of the Study: A hurdle approach of heat and PEF could represent a valid milk processing alternative to conventional pasteurization. Hurdle treatment might also preserve native milk quality better due to less thermal exposure.

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The Bacterial Flora in Bottled Natural Mineral Water Sold in Italy

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fecal Contamination and Inadequate Treatment of Packaged Water

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fecal Contamination and Inadequate Treatment of Packaged Water

Bacteriological quality of bottled natural mineral waters commercialized in Hungary

Antimicrobial effect and shelf-life extension by combined thermal and pulsed electric field treatment of milk

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