The Bacterial Glycocalyx in Nature and Disease

Costerton, J. William; Irvin, Randall T.; Cheng, K.-J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.35.100181.001503

Cited by 976 publications

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“…There are conflicting data regarding the chemical structure of bacterial receptors for fibronectin [6,7]. In addition to proteins, various forms of carbohydrate-containing mac-romolecules are present on the surface of S. aureus-cell wall peptidoglycan and the teichoic acids -whereas capsule and slime are components of an exopolysaccharide matrix [8] that surrounds microcolonies adsorbed onto a biomaterial. This exopolysaccharide matrix is thought to have a protective function against antibacterial agents and host defense mechanisms [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition to proteins, various forms of carbohydrate-containing mac-romolecules are present on the surface of S. aureus-cell wall peptidoglycan and the teichoic acids -whereas capsule and slime are components of an exopolysaccharide matrix [8] that surrounds microcolonies adsorbed onto a biomaterial. This exopolysaccharide matrix is thought to have a protective function against antibacterial agents and host defense mechanisms [8]. We designed our study to (1) develop a suitable system allowing serial and quantitative tests of adherence, (2) define the role of preadsorbed macromolecules (such as collagen and human fibronectin) in the adherence of S. aureusstrain Wood 46 to a plastic surface, and (3) evaluate the role of sugar moieties in the adherence of S. aureus to surface-bound fibronectin.…”

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Monosaccharide Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to Human Solid-Phase Fibronectin

Velazco

Waldvogel

1987

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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confidence: 99%

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Monosaccharide Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to Human Solid-Phase Fibronectin

Velazco

Waldvogel

1987

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Costerton et al (1981) relataram que a produção e a excreção de polissacarídeos extracelulares modificam o ambiente ao redor da célula, permitindo, com isso, a sobrevivência de células bacterianas em ambientes contaminados. De fato, a produção de quantidades elevadas de polissacarídeos extracelulares por bactérias em sedimentos contaminados complexa Cr, tornando-o não-tóxico para estas (Aislabie & Loutit, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium e Azorhizobium em misturas de solo contaminadas com metais pesados

Matsuda

Moreira²,

Siqueira³

2002

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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, no período de novembro/1999 a janeiro/ 2000, com o objetivo de avaliar a sobrevivência de estirpe e isolados de rizóbio em solo contaminado com metais pesados e verificar a relação entre tolerância do rizóbio a metais pesados em meio de cultura e sua sobrevivência em solo contaminado. Foram utilizados os dois microrganismos mais tolerantes [BR-4406 (estirpe recomendada para Enterolobium spp.) e UFLA-01-457 (isolado de solo contaminado), ambos pertencentes ao gênero Bradyrhizobium] e os dois mais sensíveis (UFLA-01-486 e UFLA-01-510, isolados de solo contaminado, pertencentes ao gênero Azorhizobium), todos selecionados de um grupo de 60 estirpes/isolados em estudos prévios deste laboratório, em meio de cultura suplementado com metais pesados. Empregaram-se misturas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE) que continham 0, 15 e 45% (v/v) de um Latossolo VermelhoAmarelo plíntico contaminado com Zn, Cd, Pb e Cu. As misturas de solo contaminado foram inoculadas com 20 mL de cultura em YM na fase log das estirpes mencionadas, as quais foram testadas separadamente com três repetições. A avaliação do número de células viáveis no solo, realizada aos 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de incubação, pelo método das diluições sucessivas e inoculação em placas com meio YMA, revelou comportamento diferenciado entre os organismos estudados. O número médio de células que sobreviveram ao final de 28 dias de incubação foi de (em UFC g -1 de solo): 10 10,36 , 10 10,29 e 10 9,70 , para Bradyrhizobium, e 10 9,36 , 10 7,54 e 0, para Azorhizobium em misturas de 0, 15 e 45% de solo contaminado, respectivamente. Portanto, houve maior sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium do que de Azorhizobium, indicando maior tolerância a metais pesados do primeiro gênero. Como Bradyrhizobium foi também mais tolerante "in vitro", os resultados indicam haver relação entre o comportamento em solo contaminado e em meio de cultura com metais pesados.Termos de indexação: rizóbio, zinco, cobre, cádmio, chumbo, tolerância, poluição do solo.

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“…This suggests that the presence of a stent in itself, and not the bronchoscopic procedure used to insert it, is the probable cause of airway colonization/infection, since in both comparable patient groups therapeutic bronchoscopy resolved any airway obstruction, when present. Inherent "stent-related" mechanisms, such as irregularities on the internal stent surface (as with colonization of endotracheal tubes) [13], bacterial cell wall material promoting bacterial binding to the stent (as has been shown for P. aeruginosa) [2,14], or stent-induced mucus-retention due to interruption of mucociliary clearance [15] or increased "reflex" mucussecretion [16] may play a role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of bacterial colonization of the airways after therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy without stenting

Noppen¹,

Piérard

Meysman

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Absence of bacterial colonization of the airways after therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy without stenting. M. Noppen, D. Pie Ârard, M. Meysman, R.V. Herreweghe, W. Vincken. #ERS Journals Ltd 2000. ABSTRACT: Following airway stenting, bacterial colonization of the airways with potentially pathogenic micro-organisms occurs within 4 weeks after treatment in the majority of patients. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate whether nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (using laser, cryotherapy, mechanical dilatation or debridement) is followed by airway colonization or infection.Protected specimen brush sampling of the central airways and quantitative culture were performed immediately prior to, and 4 weeks after nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy in 20 consecutive patients with central airway lesions.Prior to therapeutic bronchoscopy, airway colonization/infection was present in nine of 20 (45%) patients. In these nine patients, 10 different potential pathogens were identified: Streptococcus pneumoniae (four cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (three), Haemophilus influenzae (two), and Serratia marcescens (one). Eight of these nine patients had a history of postobstructive infections, of which three were currently being treated with antibiotics. Four weeks following therapeutic bronchoscopy, airway colonization/infection was present in five of 20 (25%) patients, each of whom had airway colonization/infection prior to bronchoscopy. In three of these five patients, the same organisms were found 4 weeks after bronchoscopy as at baseline bronchoscopy. In two of five patients new organisms were identified: one case of Streptococcus viridans and one case of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, both considered to be nonpathogens. In four of nine patients with airway colonization/infection prior to bronchoscopy, the airways were clear of micro-organisms after the procedure.The authors conclude that: 1) nonstenting therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy is not complicated by airway colonization or infection by new potential pathogens; and 2) therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy led to clearing of airway colonization/infection in almost half of the patients studied. Although rigid bronchoscopy is performed less often than flexible bronchoscopy in adult pulmonary medicine, it is preferred for therapeutic intervention in the central airways, including laser treatment, cryotherapy, dilatation procedures, mechanical debridement and stenting [1].The authors recently showed that following airway stenting, bacterial colonization of the airways with potentially pathogenic micro-organisms (PPM's) occurs within 3±4 weeks of the procedure in the majority of treated patients.The mechanism of this airway colonization after stenting remains unclear. One possible explanation is contamination of the airways via the rigid bronchoscope itself, by translocation of bacteria that may already colonize the oropharynx and/or proximal airway [2].In order to confirm or refute this hypothesis, the authors performed quantitative protected specimen b...

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The Bacterial Glycocalyx in Nature and Disease

Cited by 976 publications

References 1 publication

Monosaccharide Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to Human Solid-Phase Fibronectin

Monosaccharide Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to Human Solid-Phase Fibronectin

Sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium e Azorhizobium em misturas de solo contaminadas com metais pesados

Absence of bacterial colonization of the airways after therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy without stenting

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