The bacterial metabolite 2-aminoacetophenone promotes association of pathogenic bacteria with flies

Kapsetaki, Stefania-Elisavet; Tzelepis, Ilias; Avgousti, Kalodoti; Livadaras, Ioannis; Garantonakis, Nikos; Varikou, Kyriaki; Apidianakis, Yiorgos

doi:10.1038/ncomms5401

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, many recent studies have reported that odors from bacteria and yeast modulate fly behavior. These odors are detected by D. melanogaster using specialized olfactory receptor proteins Stensmyr et al, 2012;Kapsetaki et al, 2014;Dweck et al, 2015;Falchi et al, 2015). Comparisons of conidia removal in Canton-S flies and orco1 flies indicate that olfactory signals play a significant role in the removal of B. bassiana conidia from the Drosophila body surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory cues play a significant role in removing fungus from the body surface of Drosophila melanogaster

Yanagawa

Chabaud

Imai

et al. 2018

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Many insects and Dipterans in particular are known to spend considerable time grooming, but whether these behaviors actually are able to remove pathogenic fungal conidia is less clear. In this study, we examined whether grooming serves to protect flies by reducing the risk of fungal infection in Drosophila melanogaster. First, we confirmed that fungi were removed by grooming. Entomopathogenic, opportunistic, and plant pathogenic fungi were applied on the body surface of the flies. To estimate grooming efficiency, the number of removal conidia through grooming was quantified and we successfully demonstrated that flies remove fungal conidia from their body surfaces via grooming behavior. Second, the roles of gustatory and olfactory signals in fungus removal were examined. The wildtype fly Canton-S, the taste deficiency mutant poxn 70, and the olfactory deficiency mutant orco1 were used in the tests. Comparisons between Canton-S and poxn 70 flies indicated that gustatory signals do not have a significant role in fungal removal via grooming behavior in D. melanogaster. In contrast, the efficiency of conidia removal in orco1 flies was drastically decreased. Consequently, this study indicated that flies rely on mechanical stimulus for the induction of grooming and olfaction for more detailed removal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory cues play a significant role in removing fungus from the body surface of Drosophila melanogaster

Yanagawa

Chabaud

Imai

et al. 2018

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…Here, based on the functional roles of some of these genes, we present hypotheses on how D. nigrosparsa might have adapted. Or49b and Or42a are known to play an important role in the attraction to aromatic and alcoholic compounds related to food1448, while Or56a is pivotal in the detection of geosmin, a volatile toxic compound produced by a number of fungi49, bacteria50, and cyanobacteria51, which activates a conserved pathway among all Drosophila species, triggering a single class of sensory neurons and targeting the DA2 glomerulus (Fig. 8)40.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemosensory adaptations of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa (Insecta: Diptera) through genomics’ and structural biology’s lenses

Cicconardi

Marino

Olimpieri

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Chemoreception is essential for survival. Some chemicals signal the presence of nutrients or toxins, others the proximity of mating partners, competitors, or predators. Chemical signal transduction has therefore been studied in multiple organisms. In Drosophila species, a number of odorant receptor genes and various other types of chemoreceptors were found. Three main gene families encode for membrane receptors and one for globular proteins that shuttle compounds with different degrees of affinity and specificity towards receptors. By sequencing the genome of Drosophila nigrosparsa, a habitat specialist restricted to montane/alpine environment, and combining genomics and structural biology techniques, we characterised odorant, gustatory, ionotropic receptors and odorant binding proteins, annotating 189 loci and modelling the protein structure of two ionotropic receptors and one odorant binding protein. We hypothesise that the D. nigrosparsa genome experienced gene loss and various evolutionary pressures (diversifying positive selection, relaxation, and pseudogenisation), as well as structural modification in the geometry and electrostatic potential of the two ionotropic receptor binding sites. We discuss possible trajectories in chemosensory adaptation processes, possibly enhancing compound affinity and mediating the evolution of more specialized food, and a fine-tuned mechanism of adaptation.

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“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain UCCBP 14 (PA14) and isogenic gene deletion mutants Δmvfr, ΔphzS, ΔphzS and ΔrhlR/ΔlasR are previously described (Rahme et al 1995;Kapsetaki et al 2014). E. coli MGH and E. coli BWH and all other strains used (but Lactobacillus ones) are human isolates obtained from Prof. Elizabeth Hohmann at Mass General Hospital and Prof. Andrew Onderdonk at Brigham and Women's Hospital.…”

Section: Bacterial Stainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult Oregon R 3-5 day old flies were infected for 24 hours with a mix of bacterial culture(s) grown as mentioned above, pelleted and diluted to a final OD 600nm 0.02 per strain in a 4% sugar (sucrose or glucose) medium. Flies were then transferred and maintained in modified falcon tubes with 200μl 2% or 4% of sucrose or glucose as previously described (Kapsetaki et al 2014). At day 2 and day 5 flies were homogenised using the Qiagen Tissuelyser LT for 5 minutes at 50Hz.…”

Section: Fly Colonisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DefiningEscherichia colias a health-promoting microbe against intestinalPseudomonas aeruginosa

Christofi

Panayidou

Dieronitou

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Gut microbiota acts as a barrier against intestinal pathogens, but species-specific protection of the host from infection remains relatively unexplored. Taking a Koch's postulates approach in reverse to define health-promoting microbes we find that Escherichia coli naturally colonizes the gut of healthy mice, but it is depleted from the gut of antibiotic-treated mice, which become susceptible to intestinal colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and concomitant mortality. Reintroduction of fecal bacteria and E. coli establishes a high titer of E. coli in the host intestine and increases defence against P. aeruginosa colonization and mortality. Moreover, diet is relevant in this process because high sugars or dietary fat favours E. coli fermentation to lactic acid and P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. To the contrary, low sugars allow P. aeruginosa to produce the oxidative agent pyocyanin that inhibits E. coli growth. Our results provide an explanation as to why P. aeruginosa doesn't commonly infect the human gut, despite being a formidable microbe in lung and wound infections. Author SummaryHere we interrogate the conundrum as to why Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not a clinical problem in the intestine as opposed to other tissues. P. aeruginosa interacts with Neisseria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Actinomyces species found in the human lung. These are predominantly gram-positive bacteria that induce P. aeruginosa virulence. Moreover, peptidoglycan, which is abundant in gram-positive bacteria, can directly trigger the virulence of P. aeriginosa. We reasoned that P. aeruginosa might be benign in the human gut due to the inhibitory action of benign gram-negative intestinal bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. Therefore, we dissected the antagonism between E. coli and P. aeruginosa and the effect of a conventional, a fat-, a carbohydrate-and a protein-based diet in intestinal dysbiosis. Our findings support the notion that an unbalanced diet or antibiotics induces gut dysbiosis by the elimination of commensal E. coli, in addition to lactic acid bacteria, imposing a gut environment conducive to P. aeruginosa infection. Moreover, commensal E. coli provides an explanation as to why P. aeruginosa doesn't commonly infect the human gut, despite being a formidable microbe in lung and wound infections.Antibiotics can also greatly affect microbiota diversity and promote dysbiosis. Early in life, antibiotic treatment can modulate the development of gut microbiota in children (Tanaka et al. 2009). In children and adults, opportunistic pathogens can take advantage of the antibiotic effect on commensal bacteria to infect the gut (Chang et al. 2008). One such pathogen is the gram-negative human opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most frequent species in hospital-acquired infections (Markou and Apidianakis 2013). While not a common clinical problem in the gut, P. aeruginosa colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of many hospitalized patients and to a lesser extent of healthy individuals (Ohara and Itoh 2003, Sh...

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The bacterial metabolite 2-aminoacetophenone promotes association of pathogenic bacteria with flies

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Olfactory cues play a significant role in removing fungus from the body surface of Drosophila melanogaster

Olfactory cues play a significant role in removing fungus from the body surface of Drosophila melanogaster

Chemosensory adaptations of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa (Insecta: Diptera) through genomics’ and structural biology’s lenses

DefiningEscherichia colias a health-promoting microbe against intestinalPseudomonas aeruginosa

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