The Bacterial Oral Microbiome in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: An Extensive Review

Hofmann, Maria; Schulz-Weidner, Nelly; Krämer, Norbert; Hain, Torsten

doi:10.3390/pathogens12101269

Pathogens

2023

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101269

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The Bacterial Oral Microbiome in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: An Extensive Review

Maria Hofmann,

Nelly Schulz-Weidner,

Norbert Krämer

et al.

Abstract: Children with congenital heart disease have poorer oral health compared with healthy children. Oral diseases, such as dental caries and gingivitis, are associated with the oral microbiome. The objective of this review was to find evidence of differences in the bacterial colonization of the oral cavity of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) versus healthy children. A literature review was conducted according to predetermined criteria, including the need for controlled clinical trials. Half of the 14 st… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children

Crestez,

Nechita,

Daineanu

et al. 2024

PHMT

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Background The respiratory system, traditionally considered antiseptic, harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial microbiome. Recent advancements in microbiome research have revealed its significant influence on both innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in the context of respiratory infections in children. This article also provides an overview of the types of bacteria that commonly affect the respiratory system, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae . These bacteria are prevalent in pediatric populations and significantly contribute to the development and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Purpose This review aims to evaluate the impact of the oral cavity and upper respiratory microbiome on the susceptibility and severity of respiratory infections in pediatric populations. We specifically focus on how early colonization patterns of bacteria such as Moraxella and Streptococcus contribute to the development of respiratory tract infections in children from birth through adolescence. Methods A thorough literature review was performed, focusing on studies publishing between 2004 and 2023. The review included research exploring the role of the upper respiratory microbiome in pediatric populations, with a specific focus on children aged birth to 18 years. Emphasis was placed on microbial characterization, the modulation of immune responses in respiratory tract infections, and the potential therapeutic applications of microbiome-targeted interventions. Results The findings suggest that the composition and disruption of the upper respiratory microbiome significantly influence clinical outcomes in children with respiratory infections. Notably, dysbiosis in the microbiome has been linked to increased susceptibility to repeated infections, highlighting the importance of maintaining microbial balance for optimal respiratory health. Conclusion Understanding the impact of oral cavity and upper respiratory microbiome could lead to improved management and prevention strategies for respiratory infections in children. This review underscores the potential of microbiome modulation, including the use of probiotics as a therapeutic approach to enhance clinical outcomes in pediatric respiratory infections.

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Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children

Crestez,

Nechita,

Daineanu

et al. 2024

PHMT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Dental Health in Children with Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Moussa,

Savard,

Estrade

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Oral health outcomes in children with Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) have significant implications. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to update the current understanding of oral health outcomes in children with CHD and compare caries prevalence between CHD children and healthy controls. Methods: All studies between 2014 and 2024 comparing oral health status between children with and without CHD were considered for inclusion. Studies had to use the DMF/dmf index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth or Surface index), in permanent and deciduous teeth. Two separate meta-analyses were conducted: one analyzing DMFS scores and another focusing on dmft scores. Medline, Central, and Embase databases were screened. Twelve articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and two studies were finally included in each quantitative synthesis. Results: Several studies identified significant differences in oral health outcomes, suggesting that children with CHD are at a higher risk of dental caries compared with healthy controls, particularly as they become older. However, the differences were not uniformly observed across all studies and age groups. Based on the meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in either DMFS scores (MD: 0.07 [95% CI: −0.13, 0.27]; p = 0.48) or in dmft scores (MD: 1.39 [95% CI: −1.05, 3.83]; p = 0.26). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight a possible increased risk of dental caries in children with CHD, although results were not statistically significant and varied across studies. More standardized and rigorous studies are required to provide clearer insights into oral health outcomes for this population.

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The Bacterial Oral Microbiome in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: An Extensive Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 51 publications

Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children

Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children

Dental Health in Children with Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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