The bacteriome of otitis media with effusion: Does it originate from the adenoid?

Arı, Oğuz; Karabudak, Sema; Kalcıoğlu, M. Tayyar; Gündüz, Ayşe; Durmaz, Rıza

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109624

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, we assessed whether symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy had improved, worsened or remained unchanged after 5 March, 2020. In particular, adenoid hypertrophy in children is considered a risk factor for OME, which can result in hearing loss [ 9 ]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Effects of lockdown on adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related diseases in children

Gelardi

Giancaspro

Fiore

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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Background In response to the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), Italy established the national school closings from March 5, 2020. It has been shown that during school closures, there are significant decreases in the diagnoses of the respiratory infections. This has brought as well to a reduction in all those symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Methods The study included 162 children, aged between 3 and 13 years, waiting for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, eventually combined with tympanocentesis or tube insertion. Parents have been called to answer a telephone interview aimed at detecting how the symptoms related to adenotonsillar hypertrophy were changing during lockdown. Results There was an improvement in the overall symptomatology of children during the lockdown period. The value attributed by parents to the children's general assessment during the lockdown period decreased significatively during the quarantine (p = 0,0000). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that lockdown can have a positive impact on those specific diseases derived from precocious socialization and that it results to be particularly effective for the most vulnerable children. Indeed, lockdown has resulted to be so efficient that it has caused a modification in a medical and surgical therapeutic indication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Effects of lockdown on adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related diseases in children

Gelardi

Giancaspro

Fiore

et al. 2020

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

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“…To assess whether there is an association between virus and bacteriome on the side of colonization in the middle ear cavity, we compare the virus results with bacteriome in the same study populations. The bacteriome data of samples collected from the middle ear with OME 15 and healthy middle ear 21 were retrieved from the existing database established previously. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion

Durmaz

Abdulmajed

Durmaz

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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To investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in the middle ear cavity of the individuals with a healthy middle ear and the children with otitis media with effusion (OME). A total of 72 middle ear samples were collected from 25 children with OME (Group 1) and 47 individuals with no middle ear disease (Group 2). Multiplex realtime polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of 20 different respiratory viruses. Virus results were compared with bacteriomes of the same populations. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 56% of the patients in Group 1 and 12.8% of the individuals in Group 2. The viral co-infection rate for Group 1 and 2 was 8% and 2.1%, respectively. In Group 1, adenovirus was the most frequently detected virus with a rate of 24%, either alone (16%) or concurrent with other viruses (8%), followed by influenza B (12%), rhinovirus, and bocavirus (8%) each. Parainfluenza 4, coronavirus OC43, and RSV A/B were detected in 4% of the sample each. In Group 2, rhinovirus was detected in two samples (4.3%) followed by adenovirus, coronavirus OC43, coronavirus E299, and coronavirus NL63 with a rate of 2.1% each. The detection rate of respiratory viruses was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 11 years. There was no positive association between virus and bacteria found in the middle ear cavity. The current study has provided comprehensive data indicating the presence of diverse respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear cavity. Our results also suggest that respiratory viruses might have a contribution to OME pathogenesis.

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“…In addition to these classic otopathogens, multiple 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies of OME middle ear effusion also reported high levels of Alloiococcus otitis, Corynebacterium otitidis (formerly Turicella otitidis [4]), Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). It is, however, still uncertain if these taxa, many of which are residents of the ear canal (17,18) or the healthy URT (19), contribute to middle ear disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species

et al. 2021

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Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While most studies have focused on potential pathogens, this study aimed to find bacteria that could be protective against OME through a case-control microbiome study and characterization of isolates from healthy subjects. The URT and ear microbiome profiles of 70 chronic OME patients and 53 controls were compared by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent classic middle ear pathobiont. However, other taxa, especially Alloiococcus otitis, were also frequently detected in the ear canal of OME patients. Streptococci of the salivarius group and Acinetobacter lwoffii were more abundant in the nasopharynx of healthy controls than in OME patients. In addition to the microbiome analysis, 142 taxa were isolated from healthy individuals, and 79 isolates of 13 different Streptococcus species were tested for their pathobiont-inhibiting potential. Of these, Streptococcus salivarius isolates showed a superior capacity to inhibit the growth of H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, A. otitis, and Corynebacterium otitidis. S. salivarius strains thus show potential as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of OME based on their overrepresentation in the healthy nasopharynx and their ability to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathobionts. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03109496.) IMPORTANCE The majority of probiotics marketed today target gastrointestinal health. This study searched for bacteria native to the human upper respiratory tract, with a beneficial potential for respiratory and middle ear health. Comparison of the microbiomes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and of healthy controls identified Streptococcus salivarius as a health-associated and prevalent inhabitant of the human nasopharynx. However, beneficial potential should be assessed at strain level. Here, we also isolated specific S. salivarius strains from the healthy individuals in our study. These isolates showed a beneficial safety profile and efficacy potential to inhibit OME pathogens in vitro. These properties will now have to be evaluated and confirmed in human clinical studies.

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The bacteriome of otitis media with effusion: Does it originate from the adenoid?

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

COVID-19: Effects of lockdown on adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related diseases in children

COVID-19: Effects of lockdown on adenotonsillar hypertrophy and related diseases in children

Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion

Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species

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