The Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL)

Millan, R. M.; McCarthy, Michael; Sample, J. G.; Smith, David M.; Thompson, L. D.; McGaw, D. G.; Woodger, L. A.; Hewitt, J. G.; Comess, M. D.; Yando, K. B.; Liang, A. X.; Anderson, B.; Knezek, N. R.; Rexroad, W. Z.; Scheiman, J. M.; Bowers, G. S.; Halford, A. J.; Collier, A. B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Lin, R. P.; Hudson, M. K.

doi:10.1007/s11214-013-9971-z

Cited by 84 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Past observations indicate this extent is likely to be at least a few hours in MLT during a storm main or early recovery phase. For example, a spatially extended (L = 5-10, MLT = 9-13), long-duration (9 h), microburst region was reported by Anderson et al (2017) from Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (Millan et al, 2013) and AeroCube 6 measurements. Using Van Allen Probes observations around the time of the conjunction, we find that the MLT extent plausibly ranges from ∼1 h, the size of the local region containing chorus with similar properties (Figure 2), to 5 h, the extent over which chorus is observed throughout the dayside outer belt.…”

Section: Timescale For Outer Radiation Belt Electron Depletionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observations Directly Linking Relativistic Electron Microbursts to Whistler Mode Chorus: Van Allen Probes and FIREBIRD II

Breneman

Crew

Sample

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

114

157

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We present observations that provide the strongest evidence yet that discrete whistler mode chorus packets cause relativistic electron microbursts. On 20 January 2016 near 1944 UT the low Earth orbiting CubeSat Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Bursts: Intensity, Range, and Dynamics (FIREBIRD II) observed energetic microbursts (near L = 5.6 and MLT = 10.5) from its lower limit of 220 keV, to 1 MeV. In the outer radiation belt and magnetically conjugate, Van Allen Probe A observed rising‐tone, lower band chorus waves with durations and cadences similar to the microbursts. No other waves were observed. This is the first time that chorus and microbursts have been simultaneously observed with a separation smaller than a chorus packet. A majority of the microbursts do not have the energy dispersion expected for trapped electrons bouncing between mirror points. This confirms that the electrons are rapidly (nonlinearly) scattered into the loss cone by a coherent interaction with the large amplitude (up to ∼900 pT) chorus. Comparison of observed time‐averaged microburst flux and estimated total electron drift shell content at L = 5.6 indicate that microbursts may represent a significant source of energetic electron loss in the outer radiation belt.

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Section: Timescale For Outer Radiation Belt Electron Depletionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Observations Directly Linking Relativistic Electron Microbursts to Whistler Mode Chorus: Van Allen Probes and FIREBIRD II

Breneman

Crew

Sample

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

114

157

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“…Science closure on this topic relies heavily on correlated studies of Van Allen Probes wave observations with ECT measurements of electron and ion pitch angle distributions, and with other contemporaneously operating missions measuring precipitation at low altitudes Millan et al 2013;. Using the 2-spacecraft Van Allen Probes observations we will determine the duration of chorus, EMIC, and hiss emissions in a particular region of space and the temporal evolution of the pitch angle distributions as they interact with the waves.…”

Section: Ect Closure On Science Objective #1 Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission

et al. 2013

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The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)-Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) suite contains an innovative complement of particle instruments to ensure the highest quality measurements ever made in the inner magnetosphere and radiation belts. The coordinated RBSP-ECT particle measurements, analyzed in combination with fields and waves observations and state-of-the-art theory and modeling, are necessary for understanding the acceleration, global distribution, and variability of radiation belt elec-

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“…These balloons carry X-ray spectrometers sensitive to bremsstrahlung X-rays ranging from 20 keV up to 10 MeV. Using Monte Carlo simulations and a forward-folding technique, described in detail in Millan et al [2013], one can estimate the energy spectrum of the incident precipitating electrons from the measured X-ray spectrum [e.g., Foat et al, 1998;Millan et al, 2007]. Here, however, we use the X-ray measurements simply as an indication of energetic electron precipitation and the CSSWE measurements to determine exact electron energies and fluxes.…”

Section: Instrument Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New conjunctive CubeSat and balloon measurements to quantify rapid energetic electron precipitation

Blum

Schiller

et al. 2013

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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Relativistic electron precipitation into the atmosphere can contribute significant losses to the outer radiation belt. In particular, rapid narrow precipitation features termed precipitation bands have been hypothesized to be an integral contributor to relativistic electron precipitation loss, but quantification of their net effect is still needed. Here we investigate precipitation bands as measured at low earth orbit by the Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment (CSSWE) CubeSat. Two precipitation bands of MeV electrons were observed on 18–19 January 2013, concurrent with precipitation seen by the 2013 Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) campaign. The newly available conjugate measurements allow for a detailed estimate of the temporal and spatial features of precipitation bands for the first time. We estimate the net electron loss due to the precipitation bands and find that ~20 such events could empty the entire outer belt. This study suggests that precipitation bands play a critical role in radiation belt losses.

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The Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL)

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

Observations Directly Linking Relativistic Electron Microbursts to Whistler Mode Chorus: Van Allen Probes and FIREBIRD II

Observations Directly Linking Relativistic Electron Microbursts to Whistler Mode Chorus: Van Allen Probes and FIREBIRD II

Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA’s Van Allen Probes Mission

New conjunctive CubeSat and balloon measurements to quantify rapid energetic electron precipitation

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