The Balloon‐borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) 2005: Calibration and Targeted Sources

Truch, Matthew D. P.; Bock, J. J.; Chapin, Edward L.; Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Griffin, M. J.; Gundersen, Joshua O.; Halpern, M.; Hargrave, Peter Charles; Hughes, D. H.; Klein, J.; Marsden, G.; Martín, P. G.; Mauskopf, Philip Daniel; Netterfield, C. B.; Olmi, L.; Pascale, Enzo; Patanchon, G.; Rex, M.; Scott, D.; Semisch, Christopher; Tucker, C.; Tucker, Gregory S.; Viero, Marco P.; Wiebe, Donald

doi:10.1086/588542

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, BLAST05 suffered from an uncharacterized failure relating to the primary mirror figure and focus. Nevertheless, even with the corrupted beam the resolution is about 3 full width half-power (Truch et al 2008;Roy et al 2010), comparable to IRAS, though disappointing compared to the diffraction-limited images obtained in the 2006 flight (Truch et al 2009;Netterfield et al 2009). …”

Section: Blast Imaging Of Cyg Xmentioning

confidence: 88%

See 1 more Smart Citation

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

Roy

Ade

Bock

et al. 2011

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present Cygnus X in a new multi-wavelength perspective based on an unbiased BLAST survey at 250, 350, and 500 μm, combined with rich data sets for this well-studied region. Our primary goal is to investigate the early stages of high-mass star formation. We have detected 184 compact sources in various stages of evolution across all three BLAST bands. From their well-constrained spectral energy distributions, we obtain the physical properties mass, surface density, bolometric luminosity, and dust temperature. Some of the bright sources reaching 40 K contain well-known compact H ii regions. We relate these to other sources at earlier stages of evolution via the energetics as deduced from their position in the luminosity-mass (L-M) diagram. The BLAST spectral coverage, near the peak of the spectral energy distribution of the dust, reveals fainter sources too cool (∼10 K) to be seen by earlier shorter-wavelength surveys like IRAS. We detect thermal emission from infrared dark clouds and investigate the phenomenon of cold "starless cores" more generally. Spitzer images of these cold sources often show stellar nurseries, but these potential sites for massive star formation are "starless" in the sense that to date there is no massive protostar in a vigorous accretion phase. We discuss evolution in the context of the L-M diagram. Theory raises some interesting possibilities: some cold massive compact sources might never form a cluster containing massive stars, and clusters with massive stars might not have an identifiable compact cold massive precursor.

show abstract

Section: Blast Imaging Of Cyg Xmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…With BLAST (Pascale et al 2008;Truch et al 2008), we surveyed 10 deg 2 in Cyg X for 10.6 hr during the 2005 June flight (BLAST05), mapping the area on three visits to provide crosslinked scanning. In addition, a significant amount of calibrationrelated time was spent observing a circular cap of radius 1…”

Section: Blast Imaging Of Cyg Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

Roy

Ade

Bock

et al. 2011

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With BLAST (Pascale et al 2008;Truch et al 2008Truch et al , 2009) we surveyed 50 deg 2 in Vela for 10.6 hr during the 2006 December flight (Netterfield et al 2009). BLAST06 produced diffractionlimited images with resolutions (full width at half-maximum) of 36 , 42 , and 60 at 250, 350, and 500 μm, respectively (Truch et al 2009).…”

Section: Submillimeter Observations: Blast Imaging Of Velamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most BLAST papers on Galactic star-forming regions (Chapin et al 2008;Truch et al 2008; Rivera-Ingraham et al 2010; Roy et al 2011b, 2011a) we adopted rκ 0 = 0.10 cm 2 gm −1 (Hildebrand 1983; derived empirically from limited observations of a single molecular cloud, for which the value is "probably good within a factor three or four," this has nevertheless often been adopted as a "canonical" value).…”

Section: B1 Adoptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Environmental Changes in the Submillimeter Dust Opacity

Martín

Roy

Bontemps

et al. 2012

ApJ

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The submillimeter opacity of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in the Galactic plane has been quantified using a pixel-by-pixel correlation of images of continuum emission with a proxy for column density. We used multi-wavelength continuum data: three Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope bands at 250, 350, and 500 μm and one IRAS band at 100 μm. The proxy is the near-infrared color excess, E(J − K s ), obtained from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Based on observations of stars, we show how well this color excess is correlated with the total hydrogen column density for regions of moderate extinction. The ratio of emission to column density, the emissivity, is then known from the correlations, as a function of frequency. The spectral distribution of this emissivity can be fit by a modified blackbody, whence the characteristic dust temperature T and the desired opacity σ e (1200) at 1200 GHz or 250 μm can be obtained. We have analyzed 14 regions near the Galactic plane toward the Vela molecular cloud, mostly selected to avoid regions of high column density (N H > 10 22 cm −2 ) and small enough to ensure a uniform dust temperature. We find σ e (1200) is typically (2-4) × 10 −25 cm 2 H −1 and thus about 2-4 times larger than the average value in the local high Galactic latitude diffuse atomic ISM. This is strong evidence for grain evolution. There is a range in total power per H nucleon absorbed (and re-radiated) by the dust, reflecting changes in the strength of the interstellar radiation field and/or the dust absorption opacity. These changes in emission opacity and power affect the equilibrium T, which is typically 15 K, colder than at high latitudes. Our analysis extends, to higher opacity and lower temperature, the trend of increasing σ e (1200) with decreasing T that was found at high latitudes. The recognition of changes in the emission opacity raises a cautionary flag because all column densities deduced from dust emission maps, and the masses of compact structures within them, depend inversely on the value adopted.

show abstract

“…More details on the instrument, calibration methods and map-making procedure can be found in the BLAST05 papers Pascale et al (2008), Patanchon et al (2008), and Truch et al (2008).…”

Section: Blastmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spectral line survey of the starless and proto-stellar cores detected by BLAST toward the Vela-D molecular cloud

Ortiz¹,

Olmi²,

Burton³

et al. 2012

A&A

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. Starless cores represent a very early stage of the star formation process, before collapse results in the formation of a central protostar or a multiple system of protostars. Aims. We use spectral line observations of a sample of cold dust cores, previously detected with the BLAST telescope in the Vela-D molecular cloud, to perform a more accurate physical and kinematical analysis of the sources. Methods. We present a 3-mm and 1.3-cm survey conducted with the Mopra 22-m and Parkes 64-m radio telescopes of a sample of 40 cold dust cores, including both starless and proto-stellar sources. 20 objects were also mapped using molecular tracers of dense gas. To trace the dense gas we used the molecular species NH 3 , N 2 H + , HNC, HCO + , H 13 CO + , HCN and H 13 CN, where some of them trace the more quiescent gas, while others are sensitive to more dynamical processes. Results. The selected cores have a wide variety of morphological types and also show physical and chemical variations, which may be associated to different evolutionary phases. We find evidence of systematic motions in both starless and proto-stellar cores and we detect line wings in many of the proto-stellar cores. Our observations probe linear distances in the sources > ∼ 0.1 pc, and are thus sensitive mainly to molecular gas in the envelope of the cores. In this region we do find that, for example, the radial profile of the N 2 H + (1−0) emission falls off more quickly than that of C-bearing molecules such as HNC(1−0), HCO + (1−0) and HCN(1−0). We also analyze the correlation between several physical and chemical parameters and the dynamics of the cores. Conclusions. Depending on the assumptions made to estimate the virial mass, we find that many starless cores have masses below the self-gravitating threshold, whereas most of the proto-stellar cores have masses which are near or above the self-gravitating critical value. An analysis of the median properties of the starless and proto-stellar cores suggests that the transition from the pre-to the proto-stellar phase is relatively fast, leaving the core envelopes with almost unchanged physical parameters.

show abstract

The Balloon‐borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) 2005: Calibration and Targeted Sources

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

Evidence for Environmental Changes in the Submillimeter Dust Opacity

A spectral line survey of the starless and proto-stellar cores detected by BLAST toward the Vela-D molecular cloud

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Balloon‐borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) 2005: Calibration and Targeted Sources

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg2SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg2SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

Evidence for Environmental Changes in the Submillimeter Dust Opacity

A spectral line survey of the starless and proto-stellar cores detected by BLAST toward the Vela-D molecular cloud

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X

THE BALLOON-BORNE LARGE APERTURE SUBMILLIMETER TELESCOPE (BLAST) 2005: A 10 deg²SURVEY OF STAR FORMATION IN CYGNUS X