The Bama miniature swine is susceptible to experimental HEV infection

Tang, Zimin; Wang, Siling; Dong, Ying; Wen, Gui-Ping; Cai, Wei; Zhang, Ke; Ji, Wen-Fang; Ming, Yang; Zheng, Zizheng; Xia, Ningshao

doi:10.1038/srep31813

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Chinese Bama miniature pigs (mini-pigs) used in this study are genetically highly inbred and their small size makes them easier to handle than normal domestic swine [27,28]. They have been developed as an experimental animal for hepatitis E virus infection [29] and human rotavirus infection [30]. In our study, we clearly demonstrated that mini-pigs are susceptible to both H3N2 seasonal influenza virus and H9N2 AIVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Biological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from Healthy Chickens in Shanghai, China

Shi

Wang

et al. 2016

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundH9N2 avian influenza viruses that circulate in domestic poultry in eastern China pose challenges to human health. However, few studies have compared the biological characteristics of H9N2 viruses isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai.Material/MethodsThree H9N2 viruses – CK/SH/Y1/07, CK/SH/Y1/02, and CK/SH/23/13 – isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai between 2002 and 2013, were selected and their biological characteristics were determined.ResultsAll 3 H9N2 viruses showed a preference for both the avian- and human-like receptors, and they replicated well in MDCK and A549 cells. All H9N2 viruses were non-pathogenic to mini-pigs and were detected in the trachea and lung tissues. The CK/SH/Y1/07 and CK/SH/Y1/02 viruses were transmitted to mini-pigs through direct-contact or respiratory droplet exposure, but CK/SH/23/13 virus was not.ConclusionsThese results suggest that H9N2 viruses isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai efficiently replicate and transmit among pigs and other mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Biological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from Healthy Chickens in Shanghai, China

Shi

Wang

et al. 2016

Med Sci Monit

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“…Thus, the swine model may represent pathogenic and immune responses that are similar to those seen in human infectious diseases 29 . Furthermore, pigs are natural hosts of HEV gt3, and miniature pigs have been successfully infected with HEV under experimental conditions 13 . Therefore, we surmised that a miniature pig HEV infection model would be most suitable for the investigation of extra-hepatic manifestation aimed at enhancing the understanding of HEV pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of non-human primates and conventional pig models is limited by high maintenance costs, difficulties in manipulation, and the need for many personnel 11 , 12 . Miniature pigs have been experimentally infected with HEV genotypes 1, 3, and 4; they are susceptible to genotypes 3 and 4 13 . Extra-hepatic manifestations have not yet been modelled because existing studies on miniature pig models have focused to the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of hepatitis E virus induces pancreatic necroptosis in miniature pigs

Jung

Seo

Yeo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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infection by hepatitis e virus (HeV) via the oral route causes acute hepatitis. extra-hepatic manifestations of HeV infection may stem from various causes; however, its distribution in organs such as the liver, as well as the mechanisms underlying HeV-induced cell injury, remain unclear. the objective of this study was to determine the chronological distribution of HeV in various tissues of HeV-challenged miniature pigs and to investigate the mechanisms underlying HeV-induced cell death in the pancreas and liver. Virological and serological analyses were performed on blood and faecal samples. Histopathology of the liver and extra-hepatic tissues was analysed. cell death pathways and immune cell characterisation in inflammatory lesions were analysed using immunohistochemistry. The liver and pancreas displayed inflammation and cellular injury, and a large amount of HEV was observed in the lesions. The liver was infiltrated by T and natural killer cells. HEV was identified in all organs except the heart, and was associated with immune cells. Although the liver and the pancreas strongly expressed TNF-α and TRAIL, TUNEL assay results were negative. RIP3 and pMLKL were expressed in the pancreas. RIP3, but not pMLKL, was expressed in the liver. Pancreatitis induced in HeV-infected miniature pigs is associated with necroptosis. Worldwide, 14 million symptomatic infections, 5,200 stillbirths, and 300,000 deaths are attributed to hepatitis E virus (HEV) according to the World Health Organisation 1. While HEV infection is mostly associated with large epidemics in developing countries, autochthonous sporadic cases are on the rise in industrialised countries 2. In the UK, hepatitis E cases have been increasing since 2009, with an estimated annual infection rate of 200,000, which is largely attributed to the consumption of pork products 3,4. Clinical symptoms of HEV are mainly associated with acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure, or chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly. HEV genotype 1 and 2 infection is associated with high mortality rates (up to 25%) in pregnant women 5,6. Extra-hepatic lesions, including acute pancreatitis, renal failure, neurological diseases, haematological diseases, and the Guillain-Barre syndrome, are linked with HEV infection, cases of which are increasing. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood 7. Although several in vivo and in vitro models have been proposed for the purpose of cultivating HEV or mimicking HEV infection in laboratory animals, including rabbits, mice and rats, such in vivo models have not been successful in demonstrating the clinical symptoms of HEV infection 8-10. The use of non-human primates and conventional pig models is limited by high maintenance costs, difficulties in manipulation, and the need for many personnel 11,12. Miniature pigs have been experimentally infected with HEV genotypes 1, 3, and 4; they are susceptible to genotypes 3 and 4 13. Extra-hepatic manifestations have not yet been modelled because existing studies on miniature...

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“…Non-human primates are susceptible to HEV1-4, 5, 7 and 8, and the infected animals can manifest with acute hepatitis [20,[24][25][26]. As the natural reservoir of HEV3 and HEV4, pigs are susceptible to these two genotypes but no obvious symptoms are observed during the infection [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-human primates are susceptible to HEV1-4, 5, 7 and 8, and the infected animals can manifest with acute hepatitis [ 20 , 24–26 ]. As the natural reservoir of HEV3 and HEV4, pigs are susceptible to these two genotypes, but no obvious symptoms are observed during the infection [ 27 ]. Humanized mice are a novel animal model for HEV1 and HEV3 infection, but the infectivity of HEV4 has not been investigated in this model [ 2 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity and pathogenicity of different hepatitis E virus genotypes/subtypes in rabbit model

et al. 2020

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The Bama miniature swine is susceptible to experimental HEV infection

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Biological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from Healthy Chickens in Shanghai, China

Biological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from Healthy Chickens in Shanghai, China

Experimental infection of hepatitis E virus induces pancreatic necroptosis in miniature pigs

Infectivity and pathogenicity of different hepatitis E virus genotypes/subtypes in rabbit model

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