The Barremian and Aptian stepwise development of the ‘Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a’ (OAE 1a) crisis: Integrated benthic and planktic high-resolution palaeoecology along the Gorgo a Cerbara stratotype section (Umbria–Marche Basin, Italy)

Clinoforms and clinoform systems: Review and dynamic classification scheme for shorelines, subaqueous deltas, shelf edges and continental margins

“…19a). Following the onset of the "middle Cretaceous" climate warming and global oceanic anoxia (e.g., Patruno et al, 2015d;Unida and Patruno, 2016), a major Late Cretaceous eustatic rise (c. 100-200 m) caused the shelfedge to be shifted up to 300 km landward, giving rise to a detached shelf-edge clinoform (Florida-Hatteras Slope) and a compound passive/ draping continental margin clinoform (Blake Escarpment), separated by the wide submarine Blake Plateau (Figs. 10A, C, 18A -B, 19A;Uchupi, 1968;Shipley et al, 1978;Schlee et al, 1979;Dillon et al, 1983).…”

“…From these data it is possible to calculate clinoform palaeobathymetries once clinoform heights, age spans or progradation rates have been measured, and vice versa. Chronostratigraphically-constrained relationships are indirect consequences of the accumulation of hiatuses of different scales over increasingly longer time spans (Sadler, 1981;Patruno et al, 2015aPatruno et al, , 2015bPatruno et al, , 2015cPatruno et al, , 2015d, which makes depositional rates measured for ancient and recent units not directly relatable to each other. As a consequence, most statistical correlations shown in Figs.…”

Zanclean/Piacenzian transition on Cyprus (SE Mediterranean): calcareous nannofossil evidence of sapropel formation

“…Nannoconids experienced a profound crisis, whereas shallow dweller coccolithophores continued to bloom (e.g., Erba 2004;Erba and Tremolada 2004;Erba et al 2010) just before the deposition of the Aptian grey-black anoxic shales of the Selli Level (Mesozoic possible analogues to the Cenozoic sapropels, e.g., Meyers and Negri 2003). Interestingly, Patruno et al (2015) reported surface water conditions of high fertility and lowered pH featuring the onset of the anoxic Aptian Selli Level. Apparently, the deposition of these different anoxic layers displays contrasting features; concentration of nutrients in the upper photic zone during the Aptian global crisis vs nutrient increase in the deep photic zone during sapropel formation in the deep eastern Mediterranean basin.…”

“…Therefore, we followed the approach of Mitchell et al (2008) and Patruno et al (2015) for a spectral analysis of the collected lithostratigraphic data covering the lowest part of the section spanning the time interval between 3.97 Ma and 3.84 Ma (10.2-15.8 m; Fig. 10, Table 1) within MNN14-MNN15 biozone, using Past.exe software.…”

“…Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy historically provides first-order age control in many outcrops and cores. However, the fluctuation patterns of calcareous nannofossil assemblages are also indicative of the group's quick response to oceanographic changes primarily involving temperature, salinity, primary production, and water stratification variations (e.g., Sierro et al 1993Sierro et al , 2003Erba 1994;Flores et al 2003Flores et al , 2005Fenner and Di Stefano 2004;Triantaphyllou et al 2004;Dimiza et al 2008;Malinverno et al 2009;Di Stefano and Sturiale 2010;Erba et al 2010;Patruno et al 2015).…”