The Barrier Properties of PET Coated DLC Film Deposited by Microwave Surface-Wave PECVD

Yin, Lianhua; Chen, Qiang

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/274/1/012042

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…76 In addition, Yin and Chen have measured oxygen and water transmission rates and shown that they depend on the microwave power used during plasma modification, with an apparent optimum at approximately 1000 W of microwave power. 77 While extremely thin DLC films (e.g., <20 nm) may present insufficient resistance to water or oxygen diffusion, excessively thick films often exhibit reduced optical transparency, as well as poor mechanical properties, the latter of which may lead to cracks that reduce barrier quality. It is thus reasonable that optimized deposition conditions can improve the physicochemical and barrier properties of DLC-PET materials, 23,78 although the atomicscale origins of such properties have been challenging to establish.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…By comparison, a plasma-modified PET film with a thicker DLC layer of ∼78 nm prepared using a 1000 W plasma showed lower carbon (∼93 atom % C) and higher oxygen (∼7 atom % O) contents. Interestingly, Yin and Chen reported that DLC coatings of 45 nm exhibited enhanced barrier properties, compared to DLC coatings with thicknesses of over 70 nm, indicating that higher DLC carbon content is more important than the thickness of the DLC surface layer in improving barrier properties . This is also consistent with a report by Yanagihara on oxygen transmission properties of DLC-coated PET bottles .…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Interestingly, Yin and Chen reported that DLC coatings of 45 nm exhibited enhanced barrier properties, compared to DLC coatings with thicknesses of over 70 nm, indicating that higher DLC carbon content is more important than the thickness of the DLC surface layer in improving barrier properties. 77 This is also consistent with a report by Yanagihara on oxygen transmission properties of DLC-coated PET bottles. 20 Above an optimum thickness, the reduced effectiveness of the DLC as a barrier to moisture and oxygen transport with increasing layer thickness suggests that mechanical failure (i.e., cracking or buckling) compromises the barrier properties.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ralph and co-workers have shown that the DLC thickness affects the rate of water transmission and, to a lesser extent, the rate of oxygen transmission . In addition, Yin and Chen have measured oxygen and water transmission rates and shown that they depend on the microwave power used during plasma modification, with an apparent optimum at approximately 1000 W of microwave power . While extremely thin DLC films (e.g., <20 nm) may present insufficient resistance to water or oxygen diffusion, excessively thick films often exhibit reduced optical transparency, as well as poor mechanical properties, the latter of which may lead to cracks that reduce barrier quality.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Nanoscale Surface Compositions and Structures of Plasma-Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thin Films

et al. 2021

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Nanoscale compositions and structures of the plasma-treated surfaces of polymers often impart significant consequences on the barrier properties of thin films. Despite their technological importance for packaging and coating applications, a molecular-level understanding of their surface properties has been exceedingly challenging to obtain. This has been due to several factors, including their low external surface areas, nanometer-thin regions of surface modification, subtle differences between their surface versus bulk compositions, and the absence of long-range structural order. Nevertheless, recent advancements in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, in particular using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancement, in combination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses provide detailed insights on the compositions of thin surface layers of plasma-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) thin films. Analyses of 2D 13C{1H} DNP heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR spectra of plasma-modified PET films enabled signals from sp 3 carbon species associated with thin (30–80 nm) diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface layers to be detected and identified, along with their interactions at embedded DLC-PET interfaces. Complementary XPS spectra provide insights into different surface and subsurface elemental compositions of the plasma-modified PET films, which are corroborated by FT-IR analyses. Subsurface compositions and structures, in particular carbon:oxygen atomic ratios and intermixing of the DLC surface layers and PET regions, are shown to depend on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition conditions, leading to different gas barrier properties of surface-modified PET films.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Surface Compositions and Structures of Plasma-Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thin Films

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding water vapor barrier properties, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is reported in Figure B. These bioplastics present higher values compared to common petroleum-based plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene films with ∼32 and ∼20 g m –2 day –1 WVTR values, respectively. , A clear decreasing trend of WVTR with the hydrolyzed lignin content was observed. The values ranged between ∼9490 g m –2 day –1 for CLX-0 and ∼7356 g m –2 day –1 for CLX-50 (i.e., a reduction of ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multifunctional Bioplastics Inspired by Wood Composition: Effect of Hydrolyzed Lignin Addition to Xylan–Cellulose Matrices

et al. 2020

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Multifunctional bioplastics have been prepared by amorphous reassembly of cellulose, hemicelluloses (xylan), and hydrolyzed lignin. For this, the biopolymers were dissolved in a trifluoroacetic acid–trifluoroacetic anhydride mixture and blended in different percentages, simulating those found in natural woods. Free-standing and flexible films were obtained after the complete evaporation of the solvents. By varying xylan and hydrolyzed lignin contents, the physical properties were easily tuned. In particular, higher proportions of hydrolyzed lignin improved hydrodynamics, oxygen barrier, grease resistance, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, whereas a higher xylan content was related to more ductile mechanical behavior, comparable to synthetic and bio-based polymers commonly used for packaging applications. In addition, these bioplastics showed high biodegradation rates in seawater. Such new polymeric materials are presented as alternatives to common man-made petroleum-based plastics used for food packaging.

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A Review on Biodegradable Packaging Films from Vegetative and Food Waste

Gupta¹,

Toksha

Rahaman

2022

The Chemical Record

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Plastics around the globe have been a matter of grave concern due to the unavoidable habits of human mankind. Taking waste statistics in India for the year 2019–20 into account, the data of 60 major cities show that the generation of plastic waste stands tall at around 26,000 tonnes/day, of which only about 60 % is recycled. A majority of the non‐recycled plastic waste is petrochemical‐based packaging materials that are non‐biodegradable in nature. Vegetative/food waste is another global issue, evidenced by vastly populated countries such as China and India accounting for 91 and 69 tonnes of food wastage, respectively in 2019. The mitigation of plastic packaging issues has led to key scientific developments, one of which is biodegradable materials. However, there is a way that these two waste‐related issues can be fronted as the analogy of “taking two shots with the same arrow”. The presence of various bio‐compounds such as proteins, cellulose, starch, lipids, and waxes, etc., in food and vegetative waste, creates an opportunity for the development of biodegradable packaging films. Although these flexible packaging films have limitations in terms of mechanical, permeation, and moisture absorption characteristics, they can be fine‐tuned in order to convert the biobased raw material into a realizable packaging product. These strategies could work in replacing petrochemical‐based non‐biodegradable packaging plastics which are used in enormous quantities for various household and commercial packaging applications to combat the ever‐increasing pollution in highly populated countries. This paper presents a systematic review based on modern scientific tools of the literature available with a major emphasis on the past decade and aims to serve as a standard resource for the development of biodegradable packaging films from food/vegetative waste.

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The Barrier Properties of PET Coated DLC Film Deposited by Microwave Surface-Wave PECVD

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Nanoscale Surface Compositions and Structures of Plasma-Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thin Films

Nanoscale Surface Compositions and Structures of Plasma-Modified Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thin Films

Multifunctional Bioplastics Inspired by Wood Composition: Effect of Hydrolyzed Lignin Addition to Xylan–Cellulose Matrices

A Review on Biodegradable Packaging Films from Vegetative and Food Waste

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