The basal ganglia: An overview of circuits and function

Utter, Amy A.; Basso, Michele A.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.11.003

Cited by 216 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Symptoms of depression such as amotivation, anhedonia, apathy, and rumination are linked to functional disturbances in the ventral striatum/ pallidum specifically (Disner et al, 2011;Ochsner et al, 2012;Kuhn et al, 2014). The ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, and continuity with the ventral caudate nucleus and putamen-basal ganglia regions with prominent limbic connections (Nieuwenhuys et al, 2008;Utter and Basso, 2008)-are themselves strongly interconnected, receive dopaminergic input from ventral midbrain regions (Haber and Knutson, 2010), and receive modulation by serotonergic midbrain pathways and other neurotransmitter systems (Di Matteo et al, 2008;Nieuwenhuys et al, 2008). The dorsal striatum, including the caudate nucleus, is involved in reward processing as relevant to depression symptomatology (Haber and Knutson, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Striatal Morphometry in Major Depressive Disorder

Wade

Joshi

Njau

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Patients with major depression show reductions in striatal and paleostriatal volumes. The functional integrity and connectivity of these regions are also shown to change with antidepressant response. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a robust and rapidly acting treatment for severe depression. However, whether morphological changes in the dorsal and ventral striatum/pallidum relate to or predict therapeutic response to ECT is unknown. Using structural MRI, we assessed cross-sectional effects of diagnosis and longitudinal effects of ECT for volume and surface-based shape metrics of the caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in 53 depressed patients (mean age: 44.1 years, 13.8 SD; 52% female) and 33 healthy controls (mean age: 39.3 years, 12.4 SD; 57% female). Patients were assessed before ECT, after their second ECT, and after completing an ECT treatment index. Controls were evaluated at two time points. Support vector machines determined whether morphometric measures at baseline predicted ECT-related clinical response. Patients showed smaller baseline accumbens and pallidal volumes than controls (Po0.05). Increases in left putamen volume (Po0.03) occurred with ECT. Global increases in accumbens volume and local changes in pallidum and caudate volume occurred in patients defined as treatment responders. Morphometric changes were absent across time in controls. Baseline volume and shape metrics predicted overall response to ECT with up to 89% accuracy. Results support that ECT elicits structural plasticity in the dorsal and ventral striatum/pallidum. The morphometry of these structures, forming key components of limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuitry involved in mood and emotional regulation, may determine patients likely to benefit from treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Striatal Morphometry in Major Depressive Disorder

Wade

Joshi

Njau

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…The STN receives topographically organized inputs from the cerebral cortex, and it provides the major glutamatergic excitation to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia (BG), which are the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) (Villa and Lorenzana, 1997) and internal part of the globus pallidus (GPi) (entopeduncular nucleus in rodents, EPN) (Parent and Hazrati, 1995a,b). Since cortico-basal ganglia circuits are organized in parallel channels, sensory information flow from functionally distinct cortical areas remains segregated within the striatum and through its direct projections to BG output structures (Utter and Basso, 2008). Experimental data indicate that such segregation is only partly maintained in the STN (Kolomiets et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine deficiency increases synchronized activity in the rat subthalamic nucleus

Lintas¹,

Силькис²,

Albèri³

et al. 2012

Brain Research

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Abnormal neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study we investigated changes in rat STN neuronal activity after 28 days following the injection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This drug provoked a lesion of SNc that induced a dopamine and lesioned (n = 83) groups was similar, as well as the firing rate. In 6-OHDA treated rats we observed a significant increase (from 26% to 48%) in the number of pairs with synchronous firing. These data suggest that the synchronous activity of STN cells, provoked by loss of DA cells in SNc, is likely to be among the most significant dysfunctions in the basal ganglia of Parkinsonian patients. We raise the hypothesis that in normal conditions, DA maintains a balance between funneling information via the hyperdirect cortico-subthalamic pathway and parallel processing through the parallel cortico-basal ganglia-subthalamic pathways, both of which are necessary for selected motor behaviors..

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“…Serotonergic projections from the DRN and the MRN innervate all components of the basal ganglia circuitry; thus, there is evidence that endogenous 5-HT induces excitations of the STN neurons through several types of 5-HT receptors (Belforte and 438 Pazo, 2004;Stanford et al, 2005;Xiang et al, 2005). Since this nucleus is considered to be a major driving force in the basal ganglia circuit (Albin et al, 1989;Utter and Basso, 2008), it is important to understand the role of the various 5-HT receptor subtypes in the control of this area. With regard to the other 5-HT receptors, besides 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C , there is evidence that only the 5-HT 3 and 5-HT 4 receptors are involved in the control of the subthalamic neurons.…”

Section: -Ht Modulation Of Stn Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the classical rate model of basal ganglia function, the neural mechanisms underlying the generation of parkinsonian symptoms are thought to involve reduced activation of primary motor and premotor cortex, and supplementary motor areas secondary to an over-activation of the output regions of the basal ganglia, i.e. SNr and GPi (Albin et al, 1989), largely because of excessive excitatory drive from the STN, consequent to DA loss in the striatum (Nicholson and Brotchie, 2002;Utter and Basso, 2008). Hence, it is theoretically possible that antagonists at the 5-HT 2C and 5-HT 4 receptors, which act directly to reduce STN neural activity, may have positive therapeutic benefits in PD.…”

Section: -Ht Modulation Of Stn Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry: therapeutic implication for Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders

Matteo

Pierucci

Esposito

et al. 2008

Progress in Brain Research

137

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Several recent studies have emphasized a crucial role for the interactions between serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in movement control and the pathophysiology of basal ganglia. These observations are supported by anatomical evidence demonstrating large serotonergic innervation of all the basal ganglia nuclei. In fact, serotonergic terminals have been reported to make synaptic contacts with both substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons and their terminal areas such as the striatum, the globus pallidus and the subthalamus. These brain areas contain a high concentration of serotonin (5-HT), with the substantia nigra pars reticulata receiving the greatest input. In this chapter, the distribution of different 5-HT receptor subtypes in the basal ganglia nuclei will be described. Furthermore, evidence demonstrating the serotonergic control of basal ganglia activity will be reviewed and the contribution of the different 5-HT receptor subtypes examined. The new avenues that the increasing knowledge of 5-HT in motor control has opened for exploring the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders will be discussed. It is clear that these avenues will be fruitful, despite the disappointing results so far obtained by clinical studies with selective 5-HT ligands. Nevertheless, these studies have led to a great increase in the attention given to the neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia and their connections.

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The basal ganglia: An overview of circuits and function

Cited by 216 publications

References 78 publications

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Striatal Morphometry in Major Depressive Disorder

Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Striatal Morphometry in Major Depressive Disorder

Dopamine deficiency increases synchronized activity in the rat subthalamic nucleus

Serotonin modulation of the basal ganglia circuitry: therapeutic implication for Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders

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