The Basal, Gaseous Metabolism of Normal Men and Women

Benedict, Fräncis G.; Emmes, L. E.; Roth, P.; Smith, Howard R.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88351-x

Journal of Biological Chemistry

1914

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88351-x

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The Basal, Gaseous Metabolism of Normal Men and Women

Fräncis G. Benedict¹,

L. E. Emmes²,

P. Roth³

et al.

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1914

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Cited by 27 publications

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“…gaseous and gross metabolism in recent years has resulted in a large number of observations both in the domain of physiology and pathology. In recognition of the paucity of admittedly normal data the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, in Boston, has now published a rather elaborate group of statistics gathered from measurements of many men and women 1. The ranges of age, body-weight, and occupation in this list are wide and, therefore, excep¬ tionally useful.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleged Dangers to the Eye Disproved

1914

JAMA

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleged Dangers to the Eye Disproved

1914

JAMA

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Fourth Paper the Determination of the Basal Metabolism of Normal Men and the Effect of Food

Gephart¹,

DuBois²

1915

Arch Intern Med

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NEW YORKTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction. 2. Review of literature on basal metabolism. 3. Review of literature on specific dynamic action of foods. 4. Experimental procedure. 5. Description of subjects and details of experiments. 6. Tables of experimental data. 7. Discussion of results: a. Comparison of direct and indirect calorimetry. b. Comparison of surface and rectal temperature. c. Selection of the average normal standard. d. Variations from this standard found in normal individuals. e. Calories per square meter versus calories per kilogram. f. Increased metabolism following the ingestion of protein and carbohydrate. 8. Summary and conclusions.* A more complete discussion of the work is appearing in the Jour. Biol. Chem., March, 1915.

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Clinical Calorimetry

Bois¹

1916

Arch Intern Med (Chic)

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In the period of development of boys, the years immediately preceding puberty are of especial interest. By this time the figure has lost most of its childish characteristics and the mind has reached a point of great intelligence. Although the individual has scarcely passed the half-way mark in the years of growth, and has only attained half his future weight, yet he resembles the adult much more than he resembles the infant. At this stage the sex glands have not yet begun the rapid development of puberty with its profound effect on the whole organism. Curiously enough there is a sudden increase in the rate of growth which takes place at this time. In fact, we may consider boys in the period of prepubescence as individuals of adult form but of small size, growing rapidly, and as yet scarcely influenced by the internal secretions of the sex glands. The study of their respiratory exchanges may throw light on many problems.Recent developments in the science of metabolism have emphasized the necessity of using, for purposes of comparison, only those experiments in which the subjects were absolutely quiet. Since the assimilation of food increases the metabolism during four or five hours following a small meal, and five to ten hours after a large one, it is important to use only experiments in which this specific dynamic action is either slight or absent. The necessity for absolute quiet has long been recognized by Johansson and the Zuntz school, but has only been fully appreciated elsewhere for the last five years or so. The observations of Rubner1 and Sonden and Tigerstedt2 were made before this was understood, and the children were studied in large respiration chambers where they sat fairly quiet in chairs, eating from time to time, or else, as in the case of Rubner's boys, moving about the room at will. This

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The Basal, Gaseous Metabolism of Normal Men and Women

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Alleged Dangers to the Eye Disproved

Alleged Dangers to the Eye Disproved

Fourth Paper the Determination of the Basal Metabolism of Normal Men and the Effect of Food

Clinical Calorimetry

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