The Basal Position of Scaly Green Flagellates among the Green Algae (Chlorophyta) is Revealed by Analyses of Nuclear-Encoded SSU rRNA Sequences

Nakayama, Tsuneyoshi; Marin, Birger; Kranz, Harald; Surek, Barbara; Huss, Volker A. R.; Inouye, Isao; Melkonian, Michael

doi:10.1016/s1434-4610(98)70043-4

Cited by 135 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This paraphyletic group is also known as Prasinophyceae, and the use of this term has been recommended by Sym & Pienaar (1993). Similar results supporting the paraphyletic nature of this group have been reported (Nakayama et al, 1998;Fawley et al, 1999). Our results for the clade formed by Pseudoscourfieldia marina and Pycnococcus provasolii (bootstrap support 100/100 %) confirm the recent study by Fawley et al (1999) using SSU rDNA sequence data in grouping these two taxa in one family, Pycnococcaceae.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Lopez-Bautista

2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear-encoded small-subunit rDNA sequences from taxa representing all of the major lineages of green algae, including new sequences for the Trentepohliales, consistently indicated that the subaerial Trentepohliales are closely related to ulvophycean marine green algae, particularly to the siphonous and hemisiphonous orders. The presence of phragmoplast-type cytokinesis in the order Trentepohliales remains enigmatic, and it is interesting that this type of cell division is associated with terrestrial (subaerial) habits. INTRODUCTIONRecent reviews (e.g. Chapman et al., 1999;Waters & Chapman, 1996) of analyses of the nuclear-encoded smallsubunit (SSU) rDNA as well as the chloroplast-encoded large-subunit Rubisco gene (rbcL) provide support for the original suggestion, based on ultrastructural data, that there are two main lineages among the green plants (Pickett-Heaps & Marchand, 1972). One of the lineages comprises the charophycean algae and their descendents, the land plants (charophycean lineage sensu Pickett-Heaps & Marchant, 1972), forming a monophyletic group named Streptophyta (sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1993). The charophycean algae include taxa from at least five orders: the Chlorokybales, Klebsormidiales, Zygnematales, Coleochaetales and Charales. The second lineage (chlorophycean algae sensu Pickett-Heaps & Marchant, 1972) consists exclusively of the remaining green algae (containing at least Chlamydomonas and its allies, the coccoid green algae, Dasycladales, Cladophorales and Trebouxiophyceae), forming the monophyletic group Chlorophyta (sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1993;Friedl, 1997;Melkonian et al., 1995). The term 'chlorophyte' has often been used to denote all green algae; however, it should now be used only as an informal designation for green algae in the Chlorophyta [see Chapman et al. (1999) for a revisionary approach to the systematics of the green algae].Conflicting hypotheses have been offered about the systematic position of the Trentepohliales among the several classes of green algae. The presence of multilayered structures in the flagellar apparatus and the demonstration of a phragmoplasttype cytokinesis in Cephaleuros parasiticus (Chapman & Henk, 1986) and Trentepohlia odorata (Chapman et al., 2001;Waters et al., 1998) suggest an affinity with the class Charophyceae. However, taxonomic features of the Trentepohliales such as the anticlockwise flagellar apparatus components can be cited as evidence for an affinity with the Ulvophyceae (Roberts, 1984). Based on biochemical, biophysical and physiological features, Raven (1987) classified the Trentepohliales among a third class, the Pleurastrophyceae. Moreover, it was noted that the Trentepohliales even share a rare ultrastructural feature (presumptive mating structures in the gametes) with members of a fourth class, the Chlorophyceae (Chapman & Henk, 1983, 1985. Therefore, the Trentepohliales exhibit some features associated with four of the five major classes of green algae in the system proposed by Mattox & Stewart (198...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Phylogenetic affinities of the Trentepohliales inferred from small-subunit rDNA

Lopez-Bautista

2003

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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“…Previous analyses recovered Tetraselmis, together with Scherffelia (not included in our analyses), as sister to all members of the UTC classes (which include Oltmannsiellopsis; e.g., Steinkötter et al, 1994;Nakayama et al, 1998) basal bodies and rootlets (although this may be interpreted as a shared ancestral condition) and prominently striated rhizoplasts (Salisbury et al, 1981;Chihara et al, 1986;Lokhorst and Star, 1993). However, while both taxa have a closed mitosis, Tetraselmis performs cell division via a phycoplast, which is characteristic for Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae but not the Ulvophyceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

New phylogenetic hypotheses for the core Chlorophyta based on chloroplast sequence data

et al. 2014

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Phylogenetic relationships in the green algal phylum Chlorophyta have long been subject to debate, especially at higher taxonomic ranks (order, class). The relationships among three traditionally defined and well-studied classes, Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Ulvophyceae are of particular interest, as these groups are species-rich and ecologically important worldwide. Different phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed over the past two decades and the monophyly of the individual classes has been disputed on occasion. Our study seeks to test these hypotheses by combining high throughput sequencing data from the chloroplast genome with increased taxon sampling. Our results suggest that while many of the deep relationships are still problematic to resolve, the classes Trebouxiophyceae and Ulvophyceae are likely not monophyletic as currently defined. Our results also support relationships among several trebouxiophycean taxa that were previously unresolved. Finally, we propose that the common term for the grouping of the three classes, "UTC clade," be replaced with the term "core Chlorophyta" for the well-supported clade containing Chlorophyceae, taxa belonging to Ulvophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, and the classes Chlorodendrophyceae and Pedinophyceae.

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“…The ultrastructure of the body scales and the flagellar apparatus, along with cell division and mitotic features, have long served as the main characters to distinguish between the major groups of Prasinophyceae (Melkonian, 1990b;Sym & Pienaar, 1993;Becker et al, 1994;. Molecular data have provided clear evidence that the class forms a paraphyletic assemblage of early diverging lineages (Kantz et al, 1990;Steinkötter et al, 1994;Nakayama et al, 1998), which is reflected by the wide diversity of cell shapes, body scale morphologies, flagellar behaviour, mitotic and cytokinetic processes, and biochemical features (Sym & Pienaar, 1993;Latasa et al, 2004).…”

Section: Early Diverging Chlorophyta: the Prasinophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%