The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin

Bruno, Claudio; Brun, Jocelyne; Carrault, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2004.08.001

Cited by 780 publications

(615 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…insulin levels alters in a reverse fashion to melatonin (94). Decreased melatonin level in irregular manner has been related with diabetes (6,55), which suggests that the melatonin signal is critical for glucose regulation in blood and maintaining homeostasis (95). In patients with type 2 diabetes, gluconeogenesis and endogenous glucose production exhibit circadian rhythm that impel fasting high blood glucose and do not exist in healthy humans (96).…”

Section: Melatonin and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Sharma

Singh

Ahmad

et al. 2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

110

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Melatonin referred as the hormone of darkness is mainly secreted by pineal gland, its levels being elevated during night and low during the day. The effects of melatonin on insulin secretion are mediated through the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2). It decreases insulin secretion by inhibiting cAMP and cGMP pathways but activates the phospholipaseC/IP3 pathway, which mobilizes Ca 2+ from organelles and, consequently increases insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro, insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in a circadian manner, is due to the melatonin action on the melatonin receptors inducing a phase shift in the cells. Melatonin may be involved in the genesis of diabetes as a reduction in melatonin levels and a functional interrelationship between melatonin and insulin was observed in diabetic patients. Evidences from experimental studies proved that melatonin induces production of insulin growth factor and promotes insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. The disturbance of internal circadian system induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which could be restored by melatonin supplementation. Therefore, the presence of melatonin receptors on human pancreatic islets may have an impact on pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes. Arch Endocrinol Metab.2015;59(5):391-9

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Section: Melatonin and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Sharma

Singh

Ahmad

et al. 2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It plays an important role in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and may have sleep-inducing activity in humans (10). There is also considerable evidence that melatonin has immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant properties (11). Exogenous melatonin administration has been shown to improve sleep in several medical conditions, including asthma (12,13), although reported effects have been variable (14,15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of melatonin administration on subjective sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Nunes

Mota

Machado

et al. 2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Disturbed sleep is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conventional hypnotics worsen nocturnal hypoxemia and, in severe cases, can lead to respiratory failure. Exogenous melatonin has somnogenic properties in normal subjects and can improve sleep in several clinical conditions. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out to determine the effects of melatonin on sleep in COPD. Thirty consecutive patients with moderate to very severe COPD were initially recruited for the study. None of the participants had a history of disease exacerbation 4 weeks prior to the study, obstructive sleep apnea, mental disorders, current use of oral steroids, methylxanthines or hypnotic-sedative medication, nocturnal oxygen therapy, and shift work. Patients received 3 mg melatonin (N = 12) or placebo (N = 13), orally in a single dose, 1 h before bedtime for 21 consecutive days. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Pulmonary function and functional exercise level were assessed by spirometry and the 6-min walk test, respectively. Twenty-five patients completed the study protocol and were included in the final analysis. Melatonin treatment significantly improved global PSQI scores (P = 0.012), particularly sleep latency (P = 0.008) and sleep duration (P = 0.046). No differences in daytime sleepiness, lung function and functional exercise level were observed. We conclude that melatonin can improve sleep in COPD. Further long-term studies involving larger number of patients are needed before melatonin can be safely recommended for the management of sleep disturbances in these patients.

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“…Even if the most well known function of melatonin in human beings is its contribution to synchronization of biologic rhythms, with a key role in light-dark cycles, an important body of evidence in recent years has suggested that melatonin may be involved in other functions, including body temperature modulation, antiproliferative effects, antioxidant effects, interrelationship with the immune system, etc. (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), also acting as a "neuroendocrine transducer" of information collected from the environment (23). IGFBP3, may also be influenced by circadian genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male-female differences in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in hypopituitary patients

Fideleff

Boquete

et al. 2016

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Objective: To evaluate melatonin secretion in adult hypopituitary patients with Growth Hormone deficiency (AGHD) on and off replacement therapy. Subjects and methods: We studied 48 subjects: 12 (6 males) untreated AGHD (AGHDnt), 20 (10 males) treated AGHD (AGHDt) and 16 healthy subjects (8 males) as control group (CG). We measured urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SM) in total (24 h samples), nocturnal (6-SMn): 1800-0800 and diurnal samples (6-SMd): 0800-1800. Results: Significant differences were observed among the 3 groups of male subjects, in total 6-SM (p < 0.05), nocturnal 6-SM (p < 0.02) and nighttime-daytime delta values (p < 0.003). CG had significantly higher values than the AGHDnt in total 6-SM (p < 0.01), nocturnal 6-SM (p < 0.05) and nighttime-daytime delta values (p < 0.01). AGHDt patients showed significantly higher levels in nighttime-daytime delta values than AGHDnt patients (p < 0.05). In females, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups studied in total, nocturnal, diurnal or nighttime-daytime delta values. In males, significant correlations were found among total 6-SM (r = 0.58; p = 0.029), nocturnal 6-SM (r = 0.70; p = 0.006) and nighttime-daytime delta values (r = 0.71; p = 0.004) vs. serum IGF-1 levels in subjects evaluated. In females, significant correlations were found among total 6-SM (r = 0.57; p = 0.02) vs. serum IGF-1 levels in subjects evaluated. A tendency towards a significant correlation was found in diurnal 6-SM (r = 0.48; p = 0.07). Conclusions: Our findings show a sexual dimorphism in 6-SM excretion in AGHD patients and provide an interesting approach to a further understanding of some chronobiological disorders involved in GH deficiency. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(3):223-30

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The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin

Cited by 780 publications

References 107 publications

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Effect of melatonin administration on subjective sleep quality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Male-female differences in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in hypopituitary patients

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