The Basics of Brain Development

Stiles, Joan; Reilly, Judy; Levine, Susan C.; Trauner, Doris A.; Nass, Ruth

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195389944.003.0002

Cited by 134 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These classifications primarily reflected qualitative changes in development (i.e., the acquisition of new skills) and do not imply that the groups are necessarily equivalent in terms of absolute ability. These determinations were made on the basis of review of the developmental literature [e.g., 64,65]. The measures, associated cognitive processes, and prescribed developmental stage are illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental stage affects cognition in children with recently-diagnosed symptomatic focal epilepsy

Gonzalez

Embuldeniya

Harvey

et al. 2014

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental stage affects cognition in children with recently-diagnosed symptomatic focal epilepsy

Gonzalez

Embuldeniya

Harvey

et al. 2014

Epilepsy & Behavior

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“…Recent studies have focused on diffusion tensor imaging, a method that permits evaluation of the microstructural integrity of white matter tracts. Several recent reviews cover structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes in adolescence (Bava and Tapert 2010;Giedd et al 2010;Paus 2010;Schmithorst and Yuan 2010) and more generally from gestation to adulthood (Stiles and Jernigan 2010).…”

Section: Relations Between Eeg and Brain Changes During Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Sleep as a Function of Adolescent Development

2011

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Adolescence is marked by dramatic changes in sleep. Older adolescents go to bed later, have an increased preference for evening activities, and sleep less than younger adolescents. This behavior change is driven by external factors, notably increased pressures from academic, social, and extracurricular activities and by biological circadian factors. There are also substantial changes in sleep architecture across adolescence, with dramatic declines in slow wave sleep, and slow wave activity (delta, ~ 0.5-4.5 Hz). These changes are associated with underlying changes in brain structure and organization, with a decrease in synaptic density likely underlying the reduction in high amplitude slow waveforms. While changes in sleep across adolescence are a normal part of development, many adolescents are getting insufficient sleep and are consequently, less likely to perform well at school, more likely to develop mood-related disturbances, be obese, and are at greater risk for traffic accidents, alcohol and drug abuse.

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“…More plausible is the possibility that correlated gene expression that is independent of functional co-activation could have driven morphological covariation along these three axes. For example, the graded signaling of morphogens during early embryogenesis is known to produce a differential expression of genes and transcription factors that in turn arrange characteristic cell types in a reproducible, three-dimensional spatial pattern along these three orthogonal axes (Stiles, 2008;Stiles and Jernigan, 2010;Technau, 2008). We note that these morphogen gradients can also guide axonal pathfinding (Charron and Tessier-Lavigne, 2005) and therefore may also influence regional connectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%